Open, sourced allometric equations for trees

Name: Tree Allometrics: open, sourced allometric equations for trees
Creator: Restoration Scope
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Allometric equations turn a tree's diameter (and sometimes height and wood density) into biomass, volume or height. Each one here links to the paper that published it, quotes the equation as printed, and is checked against its own worked values.

1171
equations: 159
sources: 235
species-specific: 51
countries: 2026-11-01
oldest check

1171 equationsCompare selected (0)

Equation	Output	Inputs	Region	Fitted DBH	Trees	Source
Acacia cochliacantha AGB from dbh (Table 3) Acacia cochliacantha	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	3.5–12 cm	—	Gómez et al. 2021
Acacia hybrid plantation, Sarawak, AGB from D (power) Acacia hybrid	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malaysia plantation	12.8–40.9 cm	36	Adam & Jusoh 2018
Acacia mangium (2nd generation) plantation, Sarawak, AGB from D (power) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malaysia plantation	11.6–41.5 cm	35	Adam & Jusoh 2018
Acacia mearnsii Aboveground biomass from D and H (Table 3, model 1) Acacia mearnsii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ethiopia plantation	1.1–11.9 cm	24	Shumie et al. 2024
Acacia melanoxylon AGB in Andean agroforestry, sum of SUR component models (DBH, height) Acacia melanoxylon	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador agroforestry	13.4–31.5 cm	30	Riofrío et al. 2013
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M1 (D only) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M2 (rho D2 H) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M4 (D, H) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M5 (D, crown width) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Crown diameter	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M7 (rho D2 H, crown width) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height + Crown diameter	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acacia-Commiphora total AGB, M8 (rho D2 H, crown width, D30) Eleven woody species of the Acacia-Commiphora biome (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height + Crown diameter + D30	Ethiopia natural	—	140	Amanuel et al. 2024
Acer campestre, aboveground dry mass vs height (Model 2) Acer campestre	Aboveground biomass	Height	Russia natural	—	11	Kartashova et al. 2026
AGB Model 1 (DBH, H, WD), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
AGB Model 2 (DBH, H, WD and [ln(DBH)]²), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
AGB Model 3 (DBH, H and [ln(DBH)]²), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
AGB Model 4 (DBH, WD and [ln(DBH)]²), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
AGB Model 5 (DBH only), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
AGB Model 6 (DBH and [ln(DBH)]²), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	5.2–97 cm	41	Monda et al. 2015
All three forest types, Rio de Janeiro (local-generic), DBH and height (Schumacher and Hall, Model 3) Mixed Atlantic Forest trees (rainforest, semideciduous, restinga)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	172	Gaui et al. 2024
All three forest types, Rio de Janeiro (local-generic), DBH and height (Spurr, Model 2) Mixed Atlantic Forest trees (rainforest, semideciduous, restinga)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	172	Gaui et al. 2024
All three forest types, Rio de Janeiro (local-generic), DBH only (Husch, Model 1) Mixed Atlantic Forest trees (rainforest, semideciduous, restinga)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Brazil natural	—	172	Gaui et al. 2024
Alnus acuminata (aliso) AGB, sum of SUR component models (DBH, height) Alnus acuminata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador agroforestry	9.3–20.3 cm	30	Riofrío et al. 2013
Alnus acuminata AGB, DBH only (13-year restoration plantation) Alnus acuminata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia plantation	6.4–29.6 cm	23	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Amazon arborescent palms, family-level AGB from diameter only Arecaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru natural	6–40 cm	97	Goodman et al. 2013
Anadenanthera macrocarpa, caatinga, DBH Anadenanthera macrocarpa	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Anadenanthera macrocarpa, caatinga, ground-level diameter Anadenanthera macrocarpa	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Arbutus bicolor total aboveground biomass Arbutus bicolor	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.9–44.8 cm	49	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Areca palm (pinang) AGB from DBH Areca catechu	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia agroforestry	—	9	Prayogo et al. 2018
Aspidosperma pyrifolium, caatinga, DBH Aspidosperma pyrifolium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Aspidosperma pyrifolium, caatinga, ground-level diameter Aspidosperma pyrifolium	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Astrocaryum murumuru AGB from stem height (through origin) Astrocaryum murumuru	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	15–29 cm	18	Goodman et al. 2013
Attalea phalerata AGB from stem height Attalea phalerata	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	17–50 cm	21	Goodman et al. 2013
Avicennia lanata Total aboveground biomass from D30 (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Aboveground biomass	D30	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia lanata Total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of DBH (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of DBH * H (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of DBH^2 * H (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH * H (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis + Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH^2 * H (Table 5) Avicennia officinalis and Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–20 cm	30	Lwin et al. 2026
Avicennia officinalis aboveground biomass, a x^b of DBH^2 * H (Table 3) Avicennia officinalis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–13 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Avocado on Kenyan farms, mean DBH (Eq. 2) Persea americanasecondary	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Kenya agroforestry	5.3–96.2 cm	—	Kuyah et al. 2024
Bambusa procera plant aboveground biomass (culm + branches + leaves), D and H, two-predictor system (combination 6) Bambusa procera	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Bambusa procera plant aboveground biomass (culm + branches + leaves), D only system (combination 1) Bambusa procera	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Beech on dry sites, total aboveground dry biomass from DBH (Table 3) Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Germany, Switzerland natural	2–18 cm	66	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Beech saplings on dry sites, total aboveground dry biomass from root-collar diameter (Table 2) Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Germany, Switzerland natural	—	20	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Betula pendula total aboveground biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Betula pendula	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.1–17.1 cm	18	Petrova et al. 2026
Birch aboveground biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Betula	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–11 cm	86	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Birch total above-ground biomass excluding foliage, Model 1a (Eq. 11) Betula	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Finland mixed	2.5–38 cm	127	Repola 2008
Black cottonwood total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Populus trichocarpa	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	7.4–30.6 cm	19	Poudel et al. 2019
Black spruce total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Picea mariana	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	3.5–38.4 cm	67	Poudel et al. 2019
Buddleja coriacea (colle) AGB per stem from diameter at 30 cm and height (sum of SUR components) Buddleja coriacea	Aboveground biomass	D30 + Height	Ecuador agroforestry	—	13	Riofrío et al. 2013
Byrsonima gardneriana, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter and height (Table 2) Byrsonima gardneriana	Aboveground biomass	Height + Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
C. tabularis AGB from D2H (Model 7, bias-corrected) Chukrasia tabularis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Bangladesh natural	9–52 cm	98	Tipu et al. 2021
Caesalpinia pyramidalis, caatinga, DBH Caesalpinia pyramidalis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Caesalpinia pyramidalis, caatinga, ground-level diameter Caesalpinia pyramidalis	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Campo-Ma'an AGB from D²H (Table 3, model 3) Mixed species, Campo-Ma'an lowland moist forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Cameroon natural	1–79 cm	71	Djomo et al. 2010
Campo-Ma'an AGB from DBH (Table 3, model 2) Mixed species, Campo-Ma'an lowland moist forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Cameroon natural	1–79 cm	71	Djomo et al. 2010
Campo-Ma'an AGB from DBH and wood density (Table 3, model 4) Mixed species, Campo-Ma'an lowland moist forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Cameroon natural	1–79 cm	71	Djomo et al. 2010
Campo-Ma'an AGB from DBH, height and wood density (Table 3, model 5) Mixed species, Campo-Ma'an lowland moist forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Cameroon natural	1–79 cm	71	Djomo et al. 2010
Canadian national equation, black spruce, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3) Picea mariana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Canada natural	1.6–37.2 cm	1,534	Lambert et al. 2005
Canadian national equation, jack pine, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3) Pinus banksiana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Canada natural	1.7–41 cm	364	Lambert et al. 2005
Canadian national equation, red oak, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3) Quercus rubra	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Canada natural	1.1–55.3 cm	117	Lambert et al. 2005
Canadian national equation, sugar maple, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3) Acer saccharum	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Canada natural	2–57.8 cm	235	Lambert et al. 2005
Canadian national equation, trembling aspen, dbh only (sum of wood, bark, branches, foliage; Table 3) Populus tremuloides	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Canada natural	0.7–47.2 cm	773	Lambert et al. 2005
Cenostigma macrophyllum, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter (Table 2) Cenostigma macrophyllum	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
Cerrado sensu stricto wood + bark dry mass from D30 (quadratic, Fig. 5) Cerrado sensu stricto woody species (47 species)	Aboveground biomass	D30	Brazil natural	—	—	Vale et al. 2002
Chamaecrista belemii, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter and height (Table 2) Chamaecrista belemii	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	Brazil natural	—	30	Mendonça et al. 2013
Chekanovsky larch AGB from D and H, weighted (Table 3) Larix czekanowskii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Chekanovsky larch AGB from D²H, unweighted (Table 3) Larix czekanowskii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Chekanovsky larch AGB from D²H, weighted (Table 3) Larix czekanowskii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Chekanovsky larch AGB from DBH only, unweighted (Table 3) Larix czekanowskii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Chekanovsky larch AGB from DBH only, weighted (Table 3) Larix czekanowskii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Chinese fir aboveground biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Cunninghamia lanceolata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	2.2–35.3 cm	154	Du et al. 2026
Chinese pine aboveground biomass from DBH (age-sequence plantations) Pinus tabuliformis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China plantation	—	60	Shen et al. 2025
Cistus albidus total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Cistus albidus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Cistus clusii total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Cistus clusii	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Citharexylum subflavescens AGB, DBH only (13-year restoration plantation) Citharexylum subflavescens	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia plantation	5.35–28.3 cm	20	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Common mangrove above-ground weight (Eq. 9) Mangroves (10 species: Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Xylocarpus)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Thailand, Indonesia natural	5–48.9 cm	104	Komiyama et al. 2005
Conzattia multiflora AGB from dbh (Table 3) Conzattia multiflora	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	4.9–25.2 cm	8	Gómez et al. 2021
Copaifera coriacea, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter (Table 2) Copaifera coriacea	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
Coprosma robusta (all sites): AGB from D and H (Table 7) Coprosma robusta	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	New Zealand mixed	—	18	Wangui et al. 2026
Coprosma robusta (Massey University): AGB from D and H (Table 7) Coprosma robusta	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	New Zealand mixed	—	6	Wangui et al. 2026
Coprosma robusta, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Coprosma robusta	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cordyline australis, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Cordyline australis	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Coriaria arborea, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Coriaria arborea	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Croton magdalenensis AGB, DBH and height (13-year restoration plantation) Croton magdalenensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Colombia plantation	6.85–32.45 cm	23	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Croton sonderianus, caatinga, DBH Croton sonderianus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Croton sonderianus, caatinga, ground-level diameter Croton sonderianus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Cryptomeria japonica Aboveground from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized aboveground total (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica High-density stand aboveground total (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	5	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Low-density stand aboveground total (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	5	Gwon et al. 2014
Dahurian larch aboveground biomass from D and H (MS-3) (sum of components, Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch aboveground biomass from D only (MS-2) (sum of components, Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Desa'a multispecies AGB from DBH (M1) 10 dominant species of Desa'a forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ethiopia natural	2.9–45.2 cm	86	Tetemke et al. 2019
Desa'a multispecies AGB from stump diameter DSH (M9) 10 dominant species of Desa'a forest	Aboveground biomass	D30	Ethiopia natural	—	86	Tetemke et al. 2019
Diostea juncea aboveground dry weight from DAP (Cuadro 2) Diostea juncea	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Argentina natural	5.5–15.2 cm	10	Gyenge et al. 2009
Dipterocarp forests Vietnam, mixed-species AGB from D (M1) Mixed species, dipterocarp forest (26 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.4–48.8 cm	222	Huy et al. 2016
Dipterocarp forests Vietnam, mixed-species AGB from D and H (M2) Mixed species, dipterocarp forest (26 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Vietnam natural	3.4–48.8 cm	222	Huy et al. 2016
Dipterocarp forests Vietnam, mixed-species AGB from D and wood density (M3) Mixed species, dipterocarp forest (26 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Vietnam natural	3.4–48.8 cm	222	Huy et al. 2016
Dipterocarp forests Vietnam, mixed-species AGB from D, H and wood density (M4, Eq. 17) Mixed species, dipterocarp forest (26 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Vietnam natural	3.4–48.8 cm	222	Huy et al. 2016
Dipterocarpus genus, Vietnam, AGB from D (D1, Eq. 18) Dipterocarpus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	4.9–48.8 cm	94	Huy et al. 2016
Dipterocarpus spp., DBH only Dipterocarpus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	20	Basuki et al. 2009
Douglas-fir total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Pseudotsuga menziesii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	1.8–114 cm	424	Poudel et al. 2019
Douglas-fir total aboveground biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pseudotsuga menziesii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	19.3–114 cm	22	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Dry forest AGB with height (Model I) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Dry forest AGB without height (Model II) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Dry miombo, total AGB, All 44 species (trees and shrubs), D and H Trees and shrubs, 44 species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.4–62 cm	104	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, All 44 species (trees and shrubs), D only Trees and shrubs, 44 species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Tanzania natural	1.4–62 cm	104	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, All 44 species (trees and shrubs), D, H and wood density Trees and shrubs, 44 species	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.4–62 cm	104	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, Brachystegia spiciformis, D and H Brachystegia spiciformis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.2–54.3 cm	40	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, Combretum molle, D and H Combretum molle	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	2.2–26.5 cm	41	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, Dalbergia arbutifolia, D and H Dalbergia arbutifolia	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.8–21.5 cm	37	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, Trees (28 species), D and H Trees, 28 species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.4–62 cm	72	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry miombo, total AGB, Trees (28 species), D, H and wood density Trees, 28 species	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.4–62 cm	72	Mwakalukwa et al. 2014
Dry tropical zone AGB from DBH (Eq. 3.2.1) Tropical broadleaf trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Pantropical natural	5–40 cm	28	Brown 1997
Engelmann spruce total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Picea engelmannii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	0.7–57.6 cm	74	Poudel et al. 2019
Eucalyptus camaldulensis AGB from D Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Thailand plantation	0.5–19.8 cm	94	Ounban et al. 2016
Eucalyptus camaldulensis AGB from D²H Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	0.5–19.8 cm	94	Ounban et al. 2016
Eucalyptus globulus total dry weight from D (Cuadro 2) Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Chile plantation	—	41	Prado Donoso & Alarcón Maya 1991
Euphorbia schlechtendalii AGB from dbh (Table 3) Euphorbia schlechtendalii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–16 cm	—	Gómez et al. 2021
European beech AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #1, D and H Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.7–86.3 cm	15	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #1, D only Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.7–86.3 cm	15	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #2, D and H Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.7–20 cm	7	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #2, D only Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.7–20 cm	7	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, LM, Dataset #1, D and H Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.7–86.3 cm	15	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, LM, Dataset #1, D only Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.7–86.3 cm	15	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, RIM, Dataset #3, D and H Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.2–86.3 cm	159	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, RIM, Dataset #3, D only Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.2–86.3 cm	159	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, RIM, Dataset #4, D and H Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.2–62.1 cm	151	Dutcă et al. 2020
European beech AGB, RIM, Dataset #4, D only Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.2–62.1 cm	151	Dutcă et al. 2020
European general equation, Fagus sylvatica, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3) Fagus sylvatica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Europe (latitude min/mean/max 42.3 / 49.6 / 56 °N) mixed	1–84 cm	—	Forrester et al. 2017
European general equation, Picea abies, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3) Picea abies	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Europe (latitude min/mean/max 42.7 / 53.5 / 65 °N) mixed	1–82 cm	—	Forrester et al. 2017
European general equation, Pinus sylvestris, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3) Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Europe (latitude min/mean/max 44 / 54.7 / 65 °N) mixed	1–71 cm	—	Forrester et al. 2017
European general equation, Populus, aboveground, diameter only (Eq. 3) Populus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Europe (latitude min/mean/max 44.5 / 57.4 / 61 °N) mixed	0.1–44.7 cm	—	Forrester et al. 2017
Euterpe precatoria aboveground mass from D2Hrho Euterpe precatoria	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Stem height + Wood density	Brazil natural	3.9–12.7 cm	20	Da Silva et al. 2015
Euterpe precatoria AGB from stem height (linear) Euterpe precatoria	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	12–19 cm	8	Goodman et al. 2013
Faidherbia albida in parklands, DBH only (M1, selected) Faidherbia albida	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ethiopia agroforestry	8–31 cm	35	Darcha et al. 2025
Faidherbia albida in parklands, stump-height diameter (M2) Faidherbia albida	Aboveground biomass	D30	Ethiopia agroforestry	—	35	Darcha et al. 2025
Five-species pooled AGB from dbh (Table 4) Five tropical dry forest species (Acacia cochliacantha, Conzattia multiflora, Euphorbia schlechtendalii, Ipomoea arborescens, Lysiloma microphyllum)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	3.5–32.9 cm	—	Gómez et al. 2021
Giant sequoia total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Sequoiadendron giganteum	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	15.9–850.7 cm	43	Poudel et al. 2019
Gmelin larch AGB from D and H, unweighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Gmelin larch AGB from D and H, weighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Gmelin larch AGB from D²H, unweighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Gmelin larch AGB from D²H, weighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Gmelin larch AGB from DBH only, unweighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Gmelin larch AGB from DBH only, weighted (Table 3) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Grand fir total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Abies grandis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	12.4–84.3 cm	17	Poudel et al. 2019
Gray alder, Arkhangelsk: aboveground biomass from D (Table 2) Alnus incana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia mixed	3.6–16.9 cm	50	Karaban et al. 2023
Gray alder, European Russia pooled: aboveground biomass from D (Eq. 5) Alnus incana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia mixed	—	—	Karaban et al. 2023
Grevillea robusta on farms, polynomial in DBH (selected model) Grevillea robusta	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Kenya agroforestry	1.5–29.8 cm	33	Owate et al. 2018
Grevillea robusta on farms, power model in DBH Grevillea robusta	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Kenya agroforestry	1.5–29.8 cm	33	Owate et al. 2018
Guadua culm AGB from dbh, weighted linear model (Model 2, Table 4) Guadua angustifolia	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia natural	—	130	Camargo García et al. 2024
Guadua culm AGB from dbh, weighted power model (Model 7, Table 7) Guadua angustifolia	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia natural	—	130	Camargo García et al. 2024
Guadua weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa culm AGB from DBH (DBH-only model) Guadua (G. weberbaueri and G. sarcocarpa)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru natural	1.8–8.1 cm	278	Yavit 2017
Guangzhou subtropical forest aboveground biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest aboveground biomass, Model 3 (DBH and height) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest aboveground biomass, Model 5 (DBH and wood density) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
High wood density subgroup (LA) AGB from dbh (Table 4) Lysiloma microphyllum and Acacia cochliacantha (LA subgroup, wood density 0.83 g/cm3)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Gómez et al. 2021
Hoheria populnea, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Hoheria populnea	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Ipomoea arborescens AGB from dbh (Table 3) Ipomoea arborescens	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	8–32.4 cm	8	Gómez et al. 2021
Iriartea deltoidea AGB from diameter and stem height Iriartea deltoidea	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Stem height	Peru natural	6–33 cm	21	Goodman et al. 2013
Jatropha mollissima, caatinga, DBH Jatropha mollissima	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Jatropha mollissima, caatinga, ground-level diameter Jatropha mollissima	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Jeffrey pine total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Pinus jeffreyi	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	14.5–43.4 cm	9	Poudel et al. 2019
Juniperus deppeana total aboveground biomass Juniperus deppeana	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	10–43.7 cm	48	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Juniperus oxycedrus total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Juniperus oxycedrus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Juniperus procera AGB from DBH (M17) Juniperus procera	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ethiopia natural	4.2–45.2 cm	23	Tetemke et al. 2019
Juniperus procera AGB from stump diameter DSH (M18) Juniperus procera	Aboveground biomass	D30	Ethiopia natural	—	23	Tetemke et al. 2019
Kalimantan dipterocarp forest AGB, DBH and height (DH3) Mixed species of dipterocarp forest (80 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	?–172 cm	108	Manuri et al. 2016
Kalimantan dipterocarp forest AGB, DBH and wood density (DG8) Mixed species of dipterocarp forest (80 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Indonesia natural	?–172 cm	108	Manuri et al. 2016
Kalimantan dipterocarp forest AGB, DBH only (D1) Mixed species of dipterocarp forest (80 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	?–172 cm	108	Manuri et al. 2016
Kalimantan dipterocarp forest AGB, DBH, wood density and height (DGH9) Mixed species of dipterocarp forest (80 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density + Height	Indonesia natural	?–172 cm	108	Manuri et al. 2016
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M1: dbh only 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M2: dbh and wood density 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M3: dbh and wood density 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M4: dbh and height 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	Height + DBH	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M5: dbh and height 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M6 (best model): dbh, height and wood density 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Kintampo woodlands mixed-species AGB, M7: dbh, height and wood density 31 woodland tree species harvested for charcoal	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Ghana natural	5–48.2 cm	745	Aabeyir et al. 2020
Knightia excelsa, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Knightia excelsa	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Korean pine aboveground biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Pinus koraiensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine aboveground biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Pinus koraiensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) aboveground biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) aboveground biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch aboveground biomass from DBH and height, AMS2 (stem + branch + foliage) Larix olgensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2–35.7 cm	229	Dong et al. 2020
Larch aboveground biomass from DBH, AMS2 (stem + branch + foliage) Larix olgensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China plantation	2–35.7 cm	229	Dong et al. 2020
Large caatinga species (the six listed after the three small ones), DBH Large caatinga species (the six listed after the three small ones)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Large caatinga species (the six listed after the three small ones), ground-level diameter Large caatinga species (the six listed after the three small ones)	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Larix cajanderi, Magadan Oblast, total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia natural	3.9–52.8 cm	43	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Larix cajanderi, Ust-Yansky district, total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.8–18.9 cm	20	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Leptospermum scoparium, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Leptospermum scoparium	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Liriodendron tulipifera Above ground W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Above ground W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Above ground W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Above ground W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Above ground W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Lodgepole pine total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Pinus contorta	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	0.9–60 cm	218	Poudel et al. 2019
Lodgepole pine total aboveground biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pinus contorta	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	13.5–42.9 cm	33	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Lomatia hirsuta aboveground dry weight from DAP (Cuadro 2) Lomatia hirsuta	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Argentina natural	4.8–25.4 cm	8	Gyenge et al. 2009
Longleaf pine above-stump biomass, model 5 (H + ln(H.DBH)) Pinus palustris	Aboveground biomass	Height + DBH	United States mixed	0.81–54.3 cm	100	Farias et al. 2019
Longleaf pine above-stump biomass, model 9 (DBH + ln(H.DBH)) Pinus palustris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	0.81–54.3 cm	100	Farias et al. 2019
Lower wood density subgroup (CEI) AGB from dbh (Table 4) Conzattia multiflora, Euphorbia schlechtendalii and Ipomoea arborescens (CEI subgroup, lower wood density)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Gómez et al. 2021
Lowland Dipterocarp forest, mixed species, DBH and wood density Mixed species of lowland Dipterocarp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Indonesia natural	6–200 cm	122	Basuki et al. 2009
Lowland Dipterocarp forest, mixed species, DBH only Mixed species of lowland Dipterocarp forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	6–200 cm	122	Basuki et al. 2009
Lysiloma microphyllum AGB from dbh (Table 3) Lysiloma microphyllum	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	4–32.9 cm	8	Gómez et al. 2021
Malawi miombo AGB, DBH and height (Model 2, best AIC) Miombo woodland trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Malawi natural	5.3–111.2 cm	74	Kachamba et al. 2016
Malawi miombo AGB, DBH and wood density (Model 3) Miombo woodland trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Wood density	Malawi natural	5.3–111.2 cm	74	Kachamba et al. 2016
Malawi miombo AGB, DBH only (Model 1) Miombo woodland trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Malawi natural	5.3–111.2 cm	74	Kachamba et al. 2016
Mauritia flexuosa (aguaje) AGB from stem height Mauritia flexuosa	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	19–36 cm	16	Goodman et al. 2013
Mauritiella aculeata AGB from stem height (through origin) Mauritiella aculeata	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	8–15 cm	18	Goodman et al. 2013
Maytenus rigida, caatinga, DBH Maytenus rigida	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Maytenus rigida, caatinga, ground-level diameter Maytenus rigida	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Maytenus rigida, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter and height (Table 2) Maytenus rigida	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
Melicytus ramiflorus (Limestone Downs): AGB from D (Table 7) Melicytus ramiflorus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand mixed	—	9	Wangui et al. 2026
Mimosa hostilis, caatinga, DBH Mimosa hostilis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Mimosa hostilis, caatinga, ground-level diameter Mimosa hostilis	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Miombo Lindi AGB from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	D30	Tanzania natural	—	47	Manyanda et al. 2019
Miombo Manyara AGB from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	D30	Tanzania natural	—	40	Manyanda et al. 2019
Miombo mixed-species AGB from DBH, Bayesian (Model 1) 33 miombo woodland tree species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malawi mixed	5.1–105 cm	88	Kuyah et al. 2016
Miombo mixed-species AGB from DBH, OLS (Model 2) 33 miombo woodland tree species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malawi mixed	5.1–105 cm	88	Kuyah et al. 2016
Miombo Regional AGB from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	D30	Tanzania natural	—	127	Manyanda et al. 2019
Miombo stem biomass (trunk and branches), DBH only Miombo woodland trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Mozambique natural	5–73 cm	29	Ryan et al. 2011
Miombo Tabora AGB from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	D30	Tanzania natural	—	40	Manyanda et al. 2019
Mixed Andean restoration plantation AGB from DBH and wood density (general) Mixed native species in restoration plantations (16 species, six main)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Colombia plantation	2.2–32.45 cm	144	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Mixed mangrove total aboveground biomass, power model (D) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mixed mangrove total aboveground biomass, power model (D^2 H) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Moist forest AGB with height (Model I) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Moist forest AGB without height (Model II) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Moist mangrove AGB without height (Model II) Mangrove trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Moist tropical zone AGB, power law (Eq. 3.2.4) Tropical broadleaf trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Pantropical natural	5–148 cm	170	Brown 1997
Moist tropical zone AGB, quadratic (Eq. 3.2.3) Tropical broadleaf trees (mixed species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Pantropical natural	5–148 cm	170	Brown 1997
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) aboveground biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) aboveground biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine plantation aboveground biomass (stem+branch+foliage), Mu Us (Table 3) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2.4–44.2 cm	131	Siqing et al. 2022
Montanoa quadrangularis AGB, DBH and height (13-year restoration plantation) Montanoa quadrangularis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Colombia plantation	5.8–22.35 cm	20	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Mopane total AGB from D (TM1) Colophospermum mopane	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mozambique natural	5–109 cm	120	Lisboa et al. 2025
Mopane total AGB from D and H (TM2) Colophospermum mopane	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	5–109 cm	120	Lisboa et al. 2025
Mopane total AGB from D²H (TM3) Colophospermum mopane	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	5–109 cm	120	Lisboa et al. 2025
Mountain hemlock total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Tsuga mertensiana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	13.5–76.2 cm	9	Poudel et al. 2019
Myracrodruon urundeuva, caatinga, DBH Myracrodruon urundeuva	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Myracrodruon urundeuva, caatinga, ground-level diameter Myracrodruon urundeuva	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Myrsine australis, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Myrsine australis	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Native shrubs NZ (3 spp, all sites): AGB from D (Table 7) Coprosma robusta, Pittosporum crassifolium and Melicytus ramiflorus (generalized)	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand mixed	—	54	Wangui et al. 2026
Native shrubs NZ (3 spp, Massey University): AGB from D and H (Table 7) Coprosma robusta, Pittosporum crassifolium and Melicytus ramiflorus (generalized)	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	New Zealand mixed	—	19	Wangui et al. 2026
Natural larch aboveground biomass from dbh and h (Table 5, with CF) Larix gmelinii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	3.2–52 cm	58	Meng et al. 2019
NE India mixed-forest AGB from DBH, power law (Model 1, second best) Dominant tree species of four NE Indian forest types	Aboveground biomass	DBH	India natural	10.1–90 cm	303	Nath et al. 2019
Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru, DBH Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	2–50 cm	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru, ground-level diameter Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Nine caatinga species, DBH x height Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Nine caatinga species, DGL x height Nine caatinga species, all but Cereus jamacaru	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
North American taxa group: Cornaceae/Ericaceae/Lauraceae/Platanaceae/Rosaceae/Ulmaceae (Table 5) Cornaceae, Ericaceae, Lauraceae, Platanaceae, Rosaceae and Ulmaceae (mixed hardwood group)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–64 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Fagaceae, deciduous (Table 5) Fagaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–89 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Hamamelidaceae (Table 5) Hamamelidaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–53 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Magnoliaceae (Table 5) Magnoliaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–65 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Pinus ≥ 0.45 spg (Table 5) Pinus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–56 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Salicaceae < 0.35 spg (Table 5) Salicaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–53 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
North American taxa group: Salicaceae ≥ 0.35 spg (Table 5) Salicaceae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	3–70 cm	—	Chojnacky et al. 2014
Norway spruce aboveground biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Picea abies	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Sweden natural	1–21 cm	68	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Norway spruce total above-ground biomass, Model 1c (Eq. 17) Picea abies	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Finland mixed	—	166	Repola 2009
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Total aboveground biomass from D (Table 2) Picea abies	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Total aboveground biomass from D and H/D (Table 2) Picea abies	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Nothofagus antarctica aboveground dry weight from DAP (Cuadro 1) Nothofagus antarctica	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Argentina natural	—	10	Gyenge et al. 2009
NSVB white oak, Hot Continental Mountains (M220), segmented model, D < 11 in (27.94 cm) Quercus alba	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	United States mixed	?–27.94 cm	—	Westfall et al. 2024
NSVB white oak, Hot Continental Mountains (M220), segmented model, D ≥ 11 in (27.94 cm) Quercus alba	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	United States mixed	27.94–? cm	—	Westfall et al. 2024
NZ shrubland shrubs and small trees, dry weight from basal area x height Shrubland shrubs and small trees, all species (Kunzea ericoides, Leptospermum scoparium, Ulex europaeus, Cytisus scoparius and others)	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	New Zealand natural	—	162	Mason et al. 2014
Oak aboveground biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Quercus	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	3.5–38.9 cm	157	Du et al. 2026
Oak aboveground biomass from D, additive system 1 (Table 4) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China natural	1.5–33 cm	159	Meng et al. 2021
Oenocarpus bataua AGB from stem height Oenocarpus bataua	Aboveground biomass	Stem height	Peru natural	21–41 cm	10	Goodman et al. 2013
Olea europaea AGB from DBH (M19) Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ethiopia natural	4.6–41.2 cm	16	Tetemke et al. 2019
Olea europaea AGB from stump diameter DSH (M20) Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata	Aboveground biomass	D30	Ethiopia natural	—	16	Tetemke et al. 2019
Oneseed juniper AGB from equivalent stem diameter (dry field measurement) Juniperus monosperma	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	United States natural	3.3–47.2 cm	15	Cunliffe et al. 2020
Oneseed juniper AGB from equivalent stem diameter (wet field measurement) Juniperus monosperma	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	United States natural	5.2–48.5 cm	15	Cunliffe et al. 2020
Oneseed juniper AGB from maximum canopy height Juniperus monosperma	Aboveground biomass	Height	United States natural	—	18	Cunliffe et al. 2020
Pacific silver fir total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Abies amabilis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	4.5–90.4 cm	37	Poudel et al. 2019
Pan moist tropical AGB from D²H (Table 4, model 3) Mixed species, pan moist tropical forests (Campo-Ma'an plus data from Asia and South America)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	1–138 cm	274	Djomo et al. 2010
Pan moist tropical AGB from DBH (Table 4, model 2) Mixed species, pan moist tropical forests (Campo-Ma'an plus data from Asia and South America)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Pantropical natural	1–148 cm	443	Djomo et al. 2010
Pan moist tropical AGB from DBH, height and wood density (Table 4, model 5) Mixed species, pan moist tropical forests (Campo-Ma'an plus data from Asia and South America)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Pantropical natural	1–138 cm	274	Djomo et al. 2010
Pantropical AGB with height (Eq. 4) Tropical trees (58 sites)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	5–212 cm	4,004	Chave et al. 2014
Pantropical AGB with height, exponent fixed at 1 (Eq. 5) Tropical trees (58 sites)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	5–212 cm	4,004	Chave et al. 2014
Pantropical AGB without height, with stress index E (Eq. 7) Tropical trees (58 sites)	Aboveground biomass	E + Wood density + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–212 cm	4,004	Chave et al. 2014
Paper birch total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Betula papyrifera	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	4.7–30.6 cm	23	Poudel et al. 2019
Parque Cerrado, total aboveground biomass as stem + crown, simultaneous WNSUR system (Table 4) Parque Cerrado tree species (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	97	Santana et al. 2021
Parque Cerrado, total aboveground biomass, independent fit (Table 2) Parque Cerrado tree species (mixed)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	97	Santana et al. 2021
Pinus brutia total biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 37) Pinus brutia	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia total biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 38) Pinus brutia	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia total biomass, Middle East (Eq. 47) Pinus brutia	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia total biomass, Syria (Eq. 27) Pinus brutia	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia total biomass, Syria (Eq. 28) Pinus brutia	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus caribaea total aboveground biomass, sum of simultaneous component models Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Brazil plantation	8.2–23.7 cm	20	Coutinho et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides total aboveground biomass from DBH (quadratic in ln D) Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico plantation	6.1–11 cm	50	Marroquín Morales et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides, additive system S2 (D and H): total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3–40 cm	21	Cuevas Cruz & Aquino Ramírez 2020
Pinus cooperi total aboveground biomass Pinus cooperi	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.5–52.3 cm	103	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana total aboveground biomass Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana (data combined)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus durangensis total aboveground biomass Pinus durangensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.7–44.5 cm	130	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus engelmannii total aboveground biomass Pinus engelmannii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.5–51.8 cm	89	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus halepensis total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (combined variable) Pinus halepensis Mill.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico plantation	6.9–22.8 cm	50	Marroquín Morales et al. 2018
Pinus halepensis total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Pinus halepensis	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Pinus herrerae total aboveground biomass Pinus herrerae	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–46.4 cm	97	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus leiophylla total aboveground biomass Pinus leiophylla	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.4–55.3 cm	84	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus lumholtzii total aboveground biomass Pinus lumholtzii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–42 cm	35	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus oocarpa total aboveground biomass Pinus oocarpa	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.5–35.7 cm	37	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus oocarpa, power model, D only (model 1) Pinus oocarpa Schiede	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	12.5–82 cm	33	Navarro-Martínez et al. 2020
Pinus oocarpa, power model, D²H (model 2) Pinus oocarpa Schiede	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	12.5–82 cm	33	Navarro-Martínez et al. 2020
Pinus patula total aboveground biomass from DBH (Tlaxco, Tlaxcala) Pinus patula Schl. et Cham.	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	6.7–64.1 cm	25	Díaz-Franco et al. 2007
Pinus radiata total tree dry weight from DBHOB (Eq. 6, Table 4) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Australia plantation	18–70.1 cm	239	Wang et al. 2017
Pinus radiata total tree dry weight from DBHOB and height (Eq. 8, Table 4) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Australia plantation	18–70.1 cm	239	Wang et al. 2017
Pinus strobiformis total aboveground biomass Pinus strobiformis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–49 cm	98	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus sylvestris total aboveground biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia natural	2.4–21.3 cm	12	Petrova et al. 2026
Pinus teocote total aboveground biomass Pinus teocote	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	10–45 cm	81	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus total aboveground biomass Pinus	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S1 (D and H, Eq. 3-6): total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S2 (D²H, Eq. 7-10): total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Pittosporum crassifolium (Massey University): AGB from D and H (Table 7) Pittosporum crassifolium	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	New Zealand mixed	—	5	Wangui et al. 2026
Pittosporum eugenoides, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum eugenoides	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pittosporum tenuifolium, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum tenuifolium	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Plagianthus regius, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Plagianthus regius	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, aboveground biomass from D, 10-year stand (model A) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	16	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, aboveground biomass from D, 3-year stand (model A) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	15	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, aboveground biomass from D, 5-year stand (model A) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	12	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, aboveground biomass from D, 8-year stand (model A) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	16	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, aboveground biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Polylepis incana AGB from DBH (Tabla 4, power form) Polylepis incana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru natural	5–20 cm	15	Ramírez Apolinario & Peláez Peláez 2018
Polylepis racemosa AGB from stem diameter at 50 cm (model 6) Polylepis racemosa	Aboveground biomass	D50	Peru natural	—	11	Herrera Vásquez 2022
Polylepis sericea AGB from DBH (Tabla 4, power form) Polylepis sericea	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru natural	5–20 cm	15	Ramírez Apolinario & Peláez Peláez 2018
Ponderosa pine total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Pinus ponderosa	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	0.8–63 cm	158	Poudel et al. 2019
Poplar aboveground biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Populus	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	2.2–37.9 cm	150	Du et al. 2026
Pruned Faidherbia albida total wood mass from D and H (Eq. 3.6) Faidherbia albida	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Cameroon agroforestry	—	18	Ambomo Tsanga et al. 2026
Pruned Faidherbia albida total wood mass from D²H (Eq. 3.5) Faidherbia albida	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Cameroon agroforestry	—	18	Ambomo Tsanga et al. 2026
Pruned Faidherbia albida total wood mass from DBH (Eq. 3.7) Faidherbia albida	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Cameroon agroforestry	—	18	Ambomo Tsanga et al. 2026
Pseudopanax arboreus, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pseudopanax arboreus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Quaking aspen total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Populus tremuloides	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	6–34.8 cm	26	Poudel et al. 2019
Quercus candicans: total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus candicans Née	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.6–41.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus cerris AGB, Bushtrice site (DBH and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	4.5–13.5 cm	9	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Bushtrice site (DBH squared and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	4.5–13.5 cm	9	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Bushtrice site (DBH, Table 4) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Albania natural	4.5–13.5 cm	9	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Bushtrice site (height, Table 5) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	Height	Albania natural	4.5–13.5 cm	9	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Melan site (DBH, Table 4) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Albania natural	2–15 cm	8	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Melan site (height, Table 5) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	Height	Albania natural	2–15 cm	8	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Paper site (DBH and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	3–30 cm	12	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Paper site (DBH squared and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	3–30 cm	12	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Paper site (DBH, Table 4) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Albania natural	3–30 cm	12	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Paper site (height, Table 5) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	Height	Albania natural	3–30 cm	12	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Sllove site (DBH, Table 4) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Albania natural	4–15 cm	10	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Sllove site (height, Table 5) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	Height	Albania natural	4–15 cm	10	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Zerqan site (DBH and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	2.5–14 cm	11	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Zerqan site (DBH squared and height, Table 6) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Albania natural	2.5–14 cm	11	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Zerqan site (DBH, Table 4) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Albania natural	2.5–14 cm	11	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus cerris AGB, Zerqan site (height, Table 5) Quercus cerris	Aboveground biomass	Height	Albania natural	2.5–14 cm	11	Istrefi et al. 2018
Quercus coccifera total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Quercus coccifera	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Quercus coccolobifolia: total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus coccolobifolia Trel.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.6–19.1 cm	12	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus crassifolia total aboveground biomass Quercus crassifolia	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.5–43.1 cm	108	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus crassifolia, total aboveground biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus durifolia total aboveground biomass Quercus durifolia	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7–45.5 cm	131	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus group 1 (rugosa, candicans, laurina): total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus group 1 (Q. rugosa, Q. candicans, Q. laurina)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus humboldtii AGB, DBH only (13-year restoration plantation) Quercus humboldtii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia plantation	4.75–24.9 cm	20	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Quercus ilex total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Quercus ilex	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Quercus laurina, total aboveground biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus laurina: total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus laurina Bonpl.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus obtusata: total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus obtusata Bonpl.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.2–37.6 cm	34	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus resinosa, power model, D only (model 1) Quercus resinosa Liebmann	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	14.1–57.7 cm	19	Navarro-Martínez et al. 2020
Quercus resinosa, power model, D²H (model 2) Quercus resinosa Liebmann	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	14.1–57.7 cm	19	Navarro-Martínez et al. 2020
Quercus rugosa total aboveground biomass Quercus rugosa	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	9.3–41.3 cm	61	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus sideroxyla total aboveground biomass Quercus sideroxyla	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	11–57 cm	123	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus sideroxyla: total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl.	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	33	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus total aboveground biomass Quercus	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Radiata pine total aboveground from DBH (Eq. 8) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	20	Pienaar et al. 2025
Radiata pine total aboveground from DBH, H (Eq. 9) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	20	Pienaar et al. 2025
Radiata pine total aboveground from DBH²H (Eq. 10) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	20	Pienaar et al. 2025
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 3 (ln D) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 4 (ln D, (ln D)^2) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 5 (ln D, ln H) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 6 (ln D, (ln D)^2, ln H) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 7 (ln D, (ln D)^2, ln H, (ln H)^2) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 8 (ln(D^2 H)) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, log model Eq. 9 (ln(D^2 H), its square) Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 13 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 14 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 15 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 16 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 17 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 18 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 19 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Radiata pine total AGB, weighted arithmetic model Eq. 20 Pinus radiata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	New Zealand plantation	0.7–80.6 cm	637	Moore 2010
Rainforest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH and height (Schumacher and Hall, Model 3) Mixed rainforest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	78	Gaui et al. 2024
Rainforest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH and height (Spurr, Model 2) Mixed rainforest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	78	Gaui et al. 2024
Rainforest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH only (Husch, Model 1) Mixed rainforest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Brazil natural	—	78	Gaui et al. 2024
Raphia laurentii AGB from stem base diameter (m13, mean petiole diameter ≥5 cm) Raphia laurentii	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Congo - Brazzaville natural	—	60	Bocko et al. 2023
Raphia laurentii AGB from stem base diameter (m2, all sizes) Raphia laurentii	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Congo - Brazzaville natural	—	90	Bocko et al. 2023
Raphia laurentii AGB from total palm height (m15, mean petiole diameter ≥5 cm) Raphia laurentii	Aboveground biomass	Height	Congo - Brazzaville natural	—	60	Bocko et al. 2023
Raphia laurentii AGB from total palm height (m4, all sizes) Raphia laurentii	Aboveground biomass	Height	Congo - Brazzaville natural	—	90	Bocko et al. 2023
Red alder total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Alnus rubra	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	9.3–51.8 cm	25	Poudel et al. 2019
Redwood total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Sequoia sempervirens	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	8.3–681 cm	141	Poudel et al. 2019
Restinga forest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH and height (Spurr, Model 2) Mixed restinga forest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	37	Gaui et al. 2024
Retrophyllum rospigliosii AGB, DBH only (13-year restoration plantation) Retrophyllum rospigliosii	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Colombia plantation	3.8–19 cm	20	Giraldo-Salazar et al. 2025
Rubus idaeus, aboveground dry mass vs base diameter (Model 1) Rubus idaeus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Russia natural	—	12	Kartashova et al. 2026
Ruprechtia glauca, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter (Table 2) Ruprechtia glauca	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
S. teysmaniana peat swamp, ln(AGB) on DBH Shorea teysmaniana	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	7.3–29.2 cm	20	Akbar 2012
S. teysmaniana peat swamp, ln(AGB) on DBH and total height Shorea teysmaniana	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	7.3–29.2 cm	20	Akbar 2012
S. teysmaniana peat swamp, ln(AGB) on DBH and wood density Shorea teysmaniana	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	Indonesia natural	7.3–29.2 cm	20	Akbar 2012
Salvia rosmarinus total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Salvia rosmarinus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Sambucus racemosa, aboveground dry mass vs base diameter (Model 1) Sambucus racemosa	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Russia natural	—	7	Kartashova et al. 2026
Schinopsis glabra, caatinga, DBH Schinopsis glabra	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Schinopsis glabra, caatinga, ground-level diameter Schinopsis glabra	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	30	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Schinus patagonicus aboveground dry weight from DAP (Cuadro 1) Schinus patagonicus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Argentina natural	3.7–12.8 cm	8	Gyenge et al. 2009
Scots pine aboveground biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–22 cm	126	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Scots pine AGB biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H) Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine AGB biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only) Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine total above-ground biomass, Model 1a (Eq. 9) Pinus sylvestris	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Finland mixed	—	285	Repola 2009
Semideciduous forest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH and height (Schumacher and Hall, Model 3) Mixed semideciduous forest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	57	Gaui et al. 2024
Semideciduous forest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH and height (Spurr, Model 2) Mixed semideciduous forest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	57	Gaui et al. 2024
Semideciduous forest, Rio de Janeiro, DBH only (Husch, Model 1) Mixed semideciduous forest trees	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	DBH	Brazil natural	—	57	Gaui et al. 2024
Shorea genus, Vietnam, AGB from D (S1, Eq. 19) Shorea	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	5.6–23 cm	36	Huy et al. 2016
Shorea spp., DBH only Shorea	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	24	Basuki et al. 2009
Short-stature boreal trees (<=4.5 m), AGB from stem diameter at 0.3 m (NLS) Multispecies short-stature trees (Betula papyrifera, Picea spp., Populus balsamifera, Populus tremuloides)	Aboveground biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #1, D and H Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	6.3–92.6 cm	14	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #1, D only Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	6.3–92.6 cm	14	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #2, D and H Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	6.3–27.9 cm	7	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, Bayesian, Dataset #2, D only Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	6.3–27.9 cm	7	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, LM, Dataset #1, D and H Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	6.3–92.6 cm	14	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, LM, Dataset #1, D only Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	6.3–92.6 cm	14	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, RIM, Dataset #3, D and H Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.1–92.6 cm	116	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, RIM, Dataset #3, D only Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.1–92.6 cm	116	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, RIM, Dataset #4, D and H Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Romania natural	5.1–64 cm	109	Dutcă et al. 2020
Silver fir AGB, RIM, Dataset #4, D only Abies alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Romania natural	5.1–64 cm	109	Dutcă et al. 2020
Singleleaf pinyon total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Pinus monophylla	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	0.4–115.6 cm	75	Poudel et al. 2019
Sitka spruce total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Picea sitchensis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	7.2–47.8 cm	19	Poudel et al. 2019
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 1 (D and H): total aboveground biomass (sum of components) Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, total aboveground biomass fitted directly (model 3) Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, total aboveground biomass fitted directly (model 4) Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Small caatinga species (A. pyrifolium, C. sonderianus, J. mollissima), DBH Small caatinga species (A. pyrifolium, C. sonderianus, J. mollissima)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Small caatinga species (A. pyrifolium, C. sonderianus, J. mollissima), ground-level diameter Small caatinga species (A. pyrifolium, C. sonderianus, J. mollissima)	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	—	Sampaio & Silva 2005
Small-tree total AGB, multi-species, DBH and height model (Model II) 22 small-diameter (DBH ≤ 10 cm) tree species of secondary tropical forest	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	1–10 cm	311	Puc-Kauil et al. 2020
Small-tree total AGB, multi-species, wood density model (Model I) 22 small-diameter (DBH ≤ 10 cm) tree species of secondary tropical forest	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Mexico natural	1–10 cm	311	Puc-Kauil et al. 2020
Socratea exorrhiza AGB from diameter and stem height Socratea exorrhiza	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Stem height	Peru natural	4–24 cm	20	Goodman et al. 2013
Sonneratia alba total aboveground biomass, exponential model (D) Sonneratia alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia alba total aboveground biomass, multiple power model (D, H) Sonneratia alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia alba total aboveground biomass, power model (D) Sonneratia alba	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia apetala aboveground biomass, a x^b of DBH^2 * H (Table 4) Sonneratia apetala	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5.1–20 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Sophora tetraptera, NZ, total aboveground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Sophora tetraptera	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Spotted gum AGB from D and H (Eq. 5) Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Australia plantation	11.8–42 cm	52	Huynh et al. 2022
Spotted gum AGB from D, H and wood density (Eq. 8) Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Australia plantation	11.8–42 cm	52	Huynh et al. 2022
Spotted gum AGB from D²H (Eq. 6) Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Australia plantation	11.8–42 cm	52	Huynh et al. 2022
Spotted gum AGB from DBH (Eq. 3) Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Australia plantation	11.8–42 cm	52	Huynh et al. 2022
Spotted gum AGB from DBH, 40-tree dataset (Eq. 10) Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Australia plantation	17.1–42 cm	40	Huynh et al. 2022
Strychnos rubiginosa, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter (Table 2) Strychnos rubiginosa	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
Subalpine fir total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Abies lasiocarpa	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	3.5–44.4 cm	98	Poudel et al. 2019
Subtropical China AGB from D and wood density (Model I.4) 41 subtropical forest tree species (Fagus lucida, Castanea seguinii, Carpinus viminea and others)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Wood density	China natural	—	147	Xu et al. 2015
Subtropical China AGB from D, H and wood density (Model I.1) 41 subtropical forest tree species (Fagus lucida, Castanea seguinii, Carpinus viminea and others)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	China natural	—	147	Xu et al. 2015
Subtropical China AGB from D²H (Model III.1) 41 subtropical forest tree species (Fagus lucida, Castanea seguinii, Carpinus viminea and others)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	—	147	Xu et al. 2015
Subtropical China AGB from D²H and wood density (Model I.2) 41 subtropical forest tree species (Fagus lucida, Castanea seguinii, Carpinus viminea and others)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	China natural	—	147	Xu et al. 2015
Subtropical China AGB from D²H x wood density (Model I.3) 41 subtropical forest tree species (Fagus lucida, Castanea seguinii, Carpinus viminea and others)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	China natural	—	147	Xu et al. 2015
Tanzania lowland forest, Dindili (dry lowland forest), D and H (model 9) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Aboveground biomass	Height + DBH	Tanzania natural	—	30	Mugasha et al. 2016
Tanzania lowland forest, Dindili (dry lowland forest), D, H and wood density (model 10) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	—	30	Mugasha et al. 2016
Tanzania lowland forest, Dindili and Rondo combined, D, H and wood density (model 10) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	—	60	Mugasha et al. 2016
Tanzania lowland forest, Rondo (wet lowland forest), D, H and wood density (model 10) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	—	30	Mugasha et al. 2016
Tanzania miombo AGB, DBH and height Miombo woodland treessecondary	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	1.1–110 cm	167	Mugasha et al. 2013
Tanzania miombo AGB, DBH only Miombo woodland treessecondary	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Tanzania natural	1.1–110 cm	167	Mugasha et al. 2013
Tectona grandis AGB from D Tectona grandis	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Thailand plantation	4.4–41.2 cm	84	Ounban et al. 2016
Tectona grandis AGB from D²H Tectona grandis	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	4.4–41.2 cm	84	Ounban et al. 2016
Total aboveground biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Total aboveground biomass, Eucalyptus saligna young plantation, dbh only Eucalyptus saligna	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Ecuador plantation	5.9–21 cm	46	Ramos-Veintimilla et al. 2025
Total aboveground biomass, Grevillea robusta, dap only Grevillea robusta	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru plantation	2.4–21 cm	15	Begazo Curie & Jave Nakayo 2018
Total aboveground biomass, Pinus tecunumanii shade trees, exponential DBH+H Pinus tecunumanii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Peru agroforestry	9.9–43.8 cm	22	Chalupová et al. 2026
Total aboveground biomass, Pinus tecunumanii shade trees, power-law DBH+H Pinus tecunumanii	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Peru agroforestry	9.9–43.8 cm	22	Chalupová et al. 2026
Total aboveground biomass, Schinus molle, dap × ht Schinus molle	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Peru plantation	1.3–22.9 cm	14	Begazo Curie & Jave Nakayo 2018
Total aboveground biomass, Tecoma stans var. stans, dap only Tecoma stans var. stans	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Peru plantation	3.8–19.1 cm	15	Begazo Curie & Jave Nakayo 2018
Total AGB from DBH and total height (Eq. 15) Seven dominant canopy species (Carapa guianensis, Inga coruscans, Laetia procera, Pentaclethra macroloba, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia ferruginea)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	Costa Rica natural	60–105 cm	19	Segura & Kanninen 2005
Total AGB from DBH squared, log form (Eq. 11) Seven dominant canopy species (Carapa guianensis, Inga coruscans, Laetia procera, Pentaclethra macroloba, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia ferruginea)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Costa Rica natural	60–105 cm	19	Segura & Kanninen 2005
Total AGB from DBH, power law (Eq. 12) Seven dominant canopy species (Carapa guianensis, Inga coruscans, Laetia procera, Pentaclethra macroloba, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia ferruginea)	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Costa Rica natural	60–105 cm	19	Segura & Kanninen 2005
Trees on farms in western Kenya, DBH only Trees on farms, mixed species (agricultural landscape)secondary	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Kenya agroforestry	2.5–102 cm	72	Kuyah et al. 2012
Tropical pines AGB from DBH (Eq. 3.1.8 / 3.2.8) Pinus	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Global mixed	2–52 cm	63	Brown 1997
Ulex parviflorus total aboveground fuel (biomass) from basal diameter, all development states Ulex parviflorus	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter	Spain natural	—	—	Deltell et al. 2024
Understorey AGB from D30 (1-10 cm stems) Understorey trees and saplings, 184 species (stems 1–10 cm diameter)	Aboveground biomass	D30	Cameroon natural	—	1,023	Yonkeu Ntonmen et al. 2022
Understorey AGB from D30 and height Understorey trees and saplings, 184 species (stems 1–10 cm diameter)	Aboveground biomass	D30 + Height	Cameroon natural	—	1,023	Yonkeu Ntonmen et al. 2022
Understorey AGB from D30 and wood density Understorey trees and saplings, 184 species (stems 1–10 cm diameter)	Aboveground biomass	D30 + Wood density	Cameroon natural	—	1,023	Yonkeu Ntonmen et al. 2022
Understorey AGB from D30²·H and wood density Understorey trees and saplings, 184 species (stems 1–10 cm diameter)	Aboveground biomass	D30 + Height + Wood density	Cameroon natural	—	1,023	Yonkeu Ntonmen et al. 2022
US national species group: Aspen/alder/cottonwood/willow (Table 4) Aspen/alder/cottonwood/willow species group (hardwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–70 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Cedar/larch (Table 4) Cedar/larch species group (softwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–250 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Douglas-fir (Table 4) Douglas-fir species group (softwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–210 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Hard maple/oak/hickory/beech (Table 4) Hard maple/oak/hickory/beech species group (hardwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–73 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Juniper/oak/mesquite (Table 4) Juniper/oak/mesquite species group (woodland), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–78 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Mixed hardwood (Table 4) Mixed hardwood species group (hardwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–56 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Pine (Table 4) Pine species group (softwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–180 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Soft maple/birch (Table 4) Soft maple/birch species group (hardwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–66 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: Spruce (Table 4) Spruce species group (softwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–250 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
US national species group: True fir/hemlock (Table 4) True fir/hemlock species group (softwood), United States	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	2.5–230 cm	—	Jenkins et al. 2003
Utah juniper total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Juniperus osteosperma	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	4.1–50.5 cm	33	Poudel et al. 2019
Vietnam evergreen forest AGB with DBH, height and wood density (Eq. 10) Mixed species of tropical evergreen forest (45 species)	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Vietnam natural	1.8–115 cm	300	Nam et al. 2016
Western hemlock total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Tsuga heterophylla	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	3.1–77.8 cm	115	Poudel et al. 2019
Western redcedar total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Thuja plicata	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	3.8–54.2 cm	50	Poudel et al. 2019
Wet forest AGB with height (Model I) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Wet forest AGB without height (Model II) Tropical broadleaf trees	Aboveground biomass	Wood density + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–156 cm	—	Chave et al. 2005
Wet tropical zone AGB, quadratic (Brown 1997 Eq. 3.2.5) Tropical broadleaf trees (mixed species)secondary	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Pantropical natural	4–112 cm	169	Brown & Iverson 1992
White birch aboveground biomass from D and H (MS-3) (sum of components, Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch aboveground biomass from D only (MS-2) (sum of components, Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Aboveground biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White fir total aboveground biomass from DBH (Table 4) Abies concolor	Aboveground biomass	DBH	United States mixed	28.4–66.5 cm	10	Poudel et al. 2019
White spruce total aboveground biomass from DBH and height (Table 4) Picea glauca	Aboveground biomass	DBH + Height	United States mixed	3.6–57.6 cm	108	Poudel et al. 2019
Willow (Salix spp.) aboveground biomass, northern taiga, Arkhangelsk Salix	Aboveground biomass	DBH	Russia natural	—	52	Paramonov et al. 2022
Ximenia americana, total aerial dry biomass from ground-level diameter and height (Table 2) Ximenia americana	Aboveground biomass	Root collar diameter + Height	Brazil natural	—	15	Mendonça et al. 2013
Young black locust woody AGB from SBD times height (Eq. 8) Robinia pseudoacacia	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	Root collar diameter + Height	Germany plantation	—	1,242	Böhm et al. 2011
Young black locust woody AGB from shoot basal diameter (Eq. 6) Robinia pseudoacacia	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	Root collar diameter	Germany plantation	—	1,242	Böhm et al. 2011
Young black locust woody AGB from tree height (Eq. 7) Robinia pseudoacacia	Aboveground biomass, without leaves	Height	Germany plantation	—	1,242	Böhm et al. 2011
Acacia mearnsii belowground biomass from D and H (Table 3, model 3) Acacia mearnsii	Root biomass	DBH + Height	Ethiopia plantation	1.1–11.9 cm	24	Shumie et al. 2024
Alnus glutinosa root biomass (Table 2) Alnus glutinosa	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	5	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Betula pendula, Germany, belowground biomass from DBH (Eq. 4, Tab. 1) Betula pendula	Root biomass	DBH	Germany mixed	8.2–52.9 cm	48	Röhling et al. 2019
BGB Model 1 (DBH, H, WD), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Root biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Malaysia natural	5.2–110.8 cm	32	Monda et al. 2015
BGB Model 5 (DBH only), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Root biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	5.2–110.8 cm	32	Monda et al. 2015
BGB Model 6 (DBH and [ln(DBH)]²), peat swamp forest Sarawak Mixed tree species, tropical peat swamp forest	Root biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	5.2–110.8 cm	32	Monda et al. 2015
Birch total root biomass, additive system (coarse + medium + fine), Heilongjiang site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Birch total root biomass, additive system (coarse + medium + fine), Jilin site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Birch total root biomass, additive system (coarse + medium + fine), Liaoning site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Birch total root biomass, disaggregated model (Eq. 24), Heilongjiang site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Birch total root biomass, disaggregated model (Eq. 24), Jilin site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Birch total root biomass, disaggregated model (Eq. 24), Liaoning site Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	3.4–11.9 cm	493	Pan & Wang 2022
Caribbean Costa Rica secondary forest (35 species), root biomass from DBH Secondary forest trees, 35 species (highest-IVI species per diameter class)	Root biomass	DBH	Costa Rica natural	2.8–28.2 cm	122	Fonseca G. et al. 2009
Castanea sativa root biomass (Table 2) Castanea sativa	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	11	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Ceratonia siliqua root biomass (Table 2) Ceratonia siliqua	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	7	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Chinese fir root biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Cunninghamia lanceolata	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	—	74	Du et al. 2026
Common mangrove root weight (Eq. 10) Mangroves (10 species: Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Xylocarpus)	Root biomass	Wood density + DBH	Thailand, Indonesia natural	—	26	Komiyama et al. 2005
Coprosma robusta, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Coprosma robusta	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cordyline australis, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Cordyline australis	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Coriaria arborea, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Coriaria arborea	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cryptomeria japonica Root from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Root biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Dahurian larch root biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch root biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch root biomass from D, H and crown width, system MS-1 (Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH + Height + Crown diameter	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch root biomass from D, H and crown width, system MS-4 (Table 7) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH + Height + Crown diameter	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Euonymus verrucosus, belowground dry mass vs height (Model 2) Euonymus verrucosus	Root biomass	Height	Russia natural	—	16	Kartashova et al. 2026
Fagus sylvatica root biomass (Table 2) Fagus sylvatica	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	14	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Fraxinus angustifolia root biomass (Table 2) Fraxinus angustifolia	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	8	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Gray alder, southern taiga and mixed-forest data (Kazimirov 1978, Miezīte 2011): root biomass from D and aboveground biomass (Table 2) Alnus incana	Root biomass	DBH + AGB	Russia, Latvia mixed	—	17	Karaban et al. 2023
Guangzhou subtropical forest belowground biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Root biomass	DBH	China natural	—	116	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest belowground biomass, Model 3 (DBH and height) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	—	116	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest belowground biomass, Model 5 (DBH and wood density) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Root biomass	DBH + Wood density	China natural	—	116	Zhao et al. 2019
Hoheria populnea, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Hoheria populnea	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Knightia excelsa, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Knightia excelsa	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Korean pine root biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine root biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Root biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) root biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) root biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Root biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Leptospermum scoparium, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Leptospermum scoparium	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Liriodendron tulipifera Root W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Root biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Root W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Root biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Root W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Root biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Root W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Root biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Root W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Root biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Malawi miombo belowground biomass, DBH only (Model 1) Miombo woodland trees	Root biomass	DBH	Malawi natural	—	41	Kachamba et al. 2016
Miombo coarse root biomass, DBH only Miombo woodland trees	Root biomass	DBH	Mozambique natural	—	23	Ryan et al. 2011
Miombo Regional BGB from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Root biomass	D30	Tanzania natural	—	57	Manyanda et al. 2019
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) root biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) root biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Root biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mopane root biomass from D (RM1) Colophospermum mopane	Root biomass	DBH	Mozambique natural	—	—	Lisboa et al. 2025
Mopane root biomass from D²H (RM3) Colophospermum mopane	Root biomass	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	—	—	Lisboa et al. 2025
Myrsine australis, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Myrsine australis	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Oak root biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Quercus	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	—	50	Du et al. 2026
Oak root biomass from D (Table 3) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Root biomass	DBH	China natural	1.5–32.8 cm	53	Meng et al. 2021
Olea europaea var. sylvestris root biomass (Table 2) Olea europaea var. sylvestris	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	5	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Pinus patula Belowground (root) biomass from D and H (Table 5) Pinus patula	Root biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3.5–25.7 cm	25	Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2020
Pinus sylvestris, Germany, belowground biomass from DBH (Eq. 4, Tab. 1) Pinus sylvestris	Root biomass	DBH	Germany mixed	7.2–53.2 cm	54	Röhling et al. 2019
Pittosporum eugenoides, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum eugenoides	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pittosporum tenuifolium, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum tenuifolium	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Plagianthus regius, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Plagianthus regius	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, root biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Root biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Poplar root biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Populus	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	—	36	Du et al. 2026
Populus x euramericana root biomass (Table 2) Populus x euramericana	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	8	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Pseudopanax arboreus, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Pseudopanax arboreus	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Quercus canariensis root biomass (Table 2) Quercus canariensis	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	6	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus faginea root biomass (Table 2) Quercus faginea	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	8	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus ilex root biomass (Table 2) Quercus ilex	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	11	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus pyrenaica root biomass (Table 2) Quercus pyrenaica	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	13	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus robur and Q. petraea, Germany, belowground biomass from DBH (Eq. 4, Tab. 1) Quercus (Q. robur and Q. petraea pooled)	Root biomass	DBH	Germany mixed	7.4–42 cm	39	Röhling et al. 2019
Quercus suber root biomass (Table 2) Quercus suber	Root biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	—	11	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Root biomass from basal area at breast height, all four species Four Sudanian savanna-woodland species (Anogeissus leiocarpa, Detarium microcarpum, Piliostigma thonningii, Vitellaria paradoxa)	Root biomass	DBH	Burkina Faso natural	1.59–23.87 cm	100	Koala et al. 2017
Root biomass from basal area at breast height, Anogeissus leiocarpa Anogeissus leiocarpa	Root biomass	DBH	Burkina Faso natural	1.59–13.05 cm	30	Koala et al. 2017
Root biomass from basal area at breast height, Detarium microcarpum Detarium microcarpum	Root biomass	DBH	Burkina Faso natural	2.23–23.87 cm	30	Koala et al. 2017
Root biomass from basal area at breast height, Piliostigma thonningii Piliostigma thonningii	Root biomass	DBH	Burkina Faso natural	1.91–9.55 cm	30	Koala et al. 2017
Root biomass from basal area at breast height, Vitellaria paradoxa Vitellaria paradoxa	Root biomass	DBH	Burkina Faso natural	2.55–10.82 cm	10	Koala et al. 2017
Root system dry biomass from DBH (Table 4, form 4) Androstachys johnsonii	Root biomass	DBH	Mozambique natural	5–32 cm	93	Magalhães 2015
Root system dry biomass from DBH and height (Table 4, form 5) Androstachys johnsonii	Root biomass	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	5–32 cm	93	Magalhães 2015
Root system dry biomass from DBH²·H (Table 4, form 6) Androstachys johnsonii	Root biomass	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	5–32 cm	93	Magalhães 2015
Root system dry biomass from root collar diameter (Table 4, form 7) Androstachys johnsonii	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	Mozambique natural	—	93	Magalhães 2015
Sambucus racemosa, belowground dry mass vs base diameter (Model 1) Sambucus racemosa	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	Russia natural	—	7	Kartashova et al. 2026
Sophora tetraptera, NZ, belowground biomass from RCD (Table 3) Sophora tetraptera	Root biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Subtropical China root biomass from D 8 subtropical forest tree species (23 root systems)	Root biomass	DBH	China natural	—	23	Xu et al. 2015
Tanoak root biomass from basal area (best AICc model, Table 2) Notholithocarpus densiflorus	Root biomass	DBH	United States mixed	1.9–52.4 cm	12	Namm & Berrill 2020
White birch root biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch root biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Root biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
Arbutus bicolor branch biomass (wood and bark) Arbutus bicolor	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.9–44.8 cm	49	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Avicennia lanata Branch biomass from D30 (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Branch biomass	D30	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia lanata Branch biomass from DBH (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Branch biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia officinalis branch biomass, a x^b of DBH * H (Table 3) Avicennia officinalis	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–13 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Bambusa procera branch biomass, D and H, two-predictor system (combination 6) Bambusa procera	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Bambusa procera branch biomass, D only system (combination 1) Bambusa procera	Branch biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Beech on dry sites, branch dry biomass including foliage from DBH (Table 3) Fagus sylvatica	Branch biomass	DBH	Germany, Switzerland natural	2–18 cm	66	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Beech saplings on dry sites, branch dry biomass including foliage from root-collar diameter (Table 2) Fagus sylvatica	Branch biomass	Root collar diameter	Germany, Switzerland natural	—	20	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Betula papyrifera branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Betula papyrifera	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	15	Flade et al. 2021
Betula papyrifera branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Betula papyrifera	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	15	Flade et al. 2021
Betula pendula branches biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Betula pendula	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.1–17.1 cm	18	Petrova et al. 2026
Birch living branch biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Betula	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–11 cm	86	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Branch biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Branch biomass, Eucalyptus saligna young plantation, dbh only Eucalyptus saligna	Branch biomass	DBH	Ecuador plantation	5.9–21 cm	46	Ramos-Veintimilla et al. 2025
Branch biomass, Pinus tecunumanii shade trees, power-law DBH+H Pinus tecunumanii	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Peru agroforestry	9.9–43.8 cm	22	Chalupová et al. 2026
Chinese pine branch biomass from DBH (age-sequence plantations) Pinus tabuliformis	Branch biomass	DBH	China plantation	—	60	Shen et al. 2025
Cryptomeria japonica Branch from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Branch biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized branch (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Branch biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Dahurian larch branch biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch branch biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Branch biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Douglas-fir branch biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pseudotsuga menziesii	Branch biomass	DBH	United States mixed	19.3–114 cm	22	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Eucalyptus globulus branch (>4 cm) dry weight (Cuadro 2) Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Chile plantation	—	41	Prado Donoso & Alarcón Maya 1991
Gray alder, Arkhangelsk: branch biomass from D (Table 2) Alnus incana	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia mixed	3.6–16.9 cm	50	Karaban et al. 2023
Grey alder branches dry mass from DBH (general equation) Alnus incana	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	4–17 cm	21	Tretyakov et al. 2022
Guangzhou subtropical forest branch biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Branch biomass	DBH	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
Juniperus deppeana branch biomass (wood and bark) Juniperus deppeana	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	10–43.7 cm	48	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Korean pine branch biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine branch biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Branch biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) branch biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) branch biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Branch biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch branch biomass from DBH and height, AMS2 Larix olgensis	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2–35.7 cm	229	Dong et al. 2020
Larix cajanderi, Magadan Oblast, branch biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	3.9–52.8 cm	43	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Larix cajanderi, Ust-Yansky district, branch biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.8–18.9 cm	20	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Liriodendron tulipifera Branch W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Branch W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Branch biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Branch W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Branch W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Branch biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Branch W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Lodgepole pine branch biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pinus contorta	Branch biomass	DBH	United States mixed	13.5–42.9 cm	33	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Mixed mangrove branch and twig biomass, power model (D) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Branch biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mixed mangrove branch and twig biomass, power model (D^2 H) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) branch biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) branch biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Branch biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine plantation branch biomass from D, Mu Us (Table 3) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Branch biomass	DBH	China plantation	2.4–44.2 cm	131	Siqing et al. 2022
Multi-species short-stature trees branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Multi-species short-stature trees branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Natural larch branch biomass from dbh (Table 5, with CF) Larix gmelinii	Branch biomass	DBH	China natural	3.2–52 cm	58	Meng et al. 2019
Norway spruce living branch biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Picea abies	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–21 cm	68	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Oak branch biomass from D and crown width, additive system 2 (Table 4) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Branch biomass	DBH + Crown diameter	China natural	1.5–33 cm	159	Meng et al. 2021
Oak branch biomass from D, additive system 1 (Table 4) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Branch biomass	DBH	China natural	1.5–33 cm	159	Meng et al. 2021
Picea spp. branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Picea spp.	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Picea spp. branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Picea spp.	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Pinus branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus brutia branch biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 31) Pinus brutia	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia branch biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 32) Pinus brutia	Branch biomass	DBH	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia branch biomass, Middle East (Eq. 41) Pinus brutia	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia branch biomass, Middle East (Eq. 42) Pinus brutia	Branch biomass	DBH	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia branch biomass, Syria (Eq. 22) Pinus brutia	Branch biomass	DBH	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus caribaea branch biomass from DBH (simultaneous fit) Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis	Branch biomass	DBH	Brazil plantation	8.2–23.7 cm	20	Coutinho et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides, additive system S2 (D and H): branch biomass Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3–40 cm	21	Cuevas Cruz & Aquino Ramírez 2020
Pinus cooperi branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus cooperi	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.5–52.3 cm	103	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana (data combined)	Branch biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus durangensis branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus durangensis	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.7–44.5 cm	130	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus engelmannii branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus engelmannii	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.5–51.8 cm	89	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus herrerae branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus herrerae	Branch biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–46.4 cm	97	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus leiophylla branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus leiophylla	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.4–55.3 cm	84	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus lumholtzii branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus lumholtzii	Branch biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–42 cm	35	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus oocarpa branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus oocarpa	Branch biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	7.5–35.7 cm	37	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus patula Branch biomass from D and H (Table 4) Pinus patula	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3.5–25.7 cm	25	Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2020
Pinus strobiformis branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus strobiformis	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–49 cm	98	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus sylvestris branches biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Pinus sylvestris	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	2.4–21.3 cm	12	Petrova et al. 2026
Pinus teocote branch biomass (wood and bark) Pinus teocote	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	10–45 cm	81	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S1 (D and H, Eq. 3-6): branch biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S2 (D²H, Eq. 7-10): branch biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, branch biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Branch biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Populus balsamifera branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus balsamifera	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus balsamifera branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus balsamifera	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus tremuloides	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus tremuloides	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Quercus branch biomass (wood and bark) Quercus	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus candicans: branch biomass Quercus candicans Née	Branch biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	6.6–41.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus coccolobifolia: branch biomass Quercus coccolobifolia Trel.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.6–19.1 cm	12	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus crassifolia branch biomass (wood and bark) Quercus crassifolia	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.5–43.1 cm	108	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus crassifolia, branch biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus durifolia branch biomass (wood and bark) Quercus durifolia	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7–45.5 cm	131	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus group 1 (rugosa, candicans, laurina): branch biomass Quercus group 1 (Q. rugosa, Q. candicans, Q. laurina)	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus group 2 (obtusata, coccolobifolia, sideroxyla): branch biomass Quercus group 2 (Q. obtusata, Q. coccolobifolia, Q. sideroxyla)	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus laurina, branch biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus laurina: branch biomass Quercus laurina Bonpl.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus obtusata: branch biomass Quercus obtusata Bonpl.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.2–37.6 cm	34	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus rugosa branch biomass (wood and bark) Quercus rugosa	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	9.3–41.3 cm	61	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus rugosa: branch biomass Quercus rugosa Née	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.6–44.5 cm	26	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus sideroxyla branch biomass (wood and bark) Quercus sideroxyla	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	11–57 cm	123	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus sideroxyla: branch biomass Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl.	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	33	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Radiata pine branch from DBH (Eq. 8) Pinus radiata	Branch biomass	DBH	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	—	Pienaar et al. 2025
Scots pine branch biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H) Pinus sylvestris	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine branch biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only) Pinus sylvestris	Branch biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine living branch biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Pinus sylvestris	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–22 cm	126	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Short-stature hardwood trees branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Short-stature hardwood trees branch biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Branch biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 1 (D and H): branch biomass Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 2 (wood density, D and H): branch biomass Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Branch biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Sonneratia alba branch biomass, quadratic model (D) Sonneratia alba	Branch biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia apetala branch biomass, a x^b of DBH * H (Table 4) Sonneratia apetala	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5.1–20 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
White birch branch biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Branch biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch branch biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Branch biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
Willow (Salix spp.) branch biomass, northern taiga, Arkhangelsk Salix	Branch biomass	DBH	Russia natural	—	52	Paramonov et al. 2022
Arbutus bicolor foliage biomass Arbutus bicolor	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.9–44.8 cm	49	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Avicennia lanata Leaf biomass from D30 (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Foliage biomass	D30	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia lanata Leaf biomass from DBH (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Foliage biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia officinalis leaf biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH * H (Table 3) Avicennia officinalis	Foliage biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–13 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Bambusa procera leaf biomass, D and H, two-predictor system (combination 6) Bambusa procera	Foliage biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Bambusa procera leaf biomass, D only system (combination 1) Bambusa procera	Foliage biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Betula papyrifera leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Betula papyrifera	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	15	Flade et al. 2021
Betula pendula foliage biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Betula pendula	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.1–17.1 cm	18	Petrova et al. 2026
Birch foliage biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Betula	Foliage biomass	DBH	Sweden natural	1–11 cm	86	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Chinese pine foliage biomass from DBH (age-sequence plantations) Pinus tabuliformis	Foliage biomass	DBH	China plantation	—	60	Shen et al. 2025
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized foliage (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Needle (foliage) from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Dahurian larch foliage biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch foliage biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Foliage biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Douglas-fir foliage biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pseudotsuga menziesii	Foliage biomass	DBH	United States mixed	19.3–114 cm	22	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf biomass from D²H Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	0.5–19.8 cm	94	Ounban et al. 2016
Foliage biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Foliage biomass, Pinus tecunumanii shade trees, power-law DBH+H Pinus tecunumanii	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Peru agroforestry	9.9–43.8 cm	22	Chalupová et al. 2026
Gray alder, Arkhangelsk: foliage biomass from D (Table 2) Alnus incana	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia mixed	3.6–16.9 cm	50	Karaban et al. 2023
Grey alder foliage dry mass from DBH (general equation) Alnus incana	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	4–17 cm	21	Tretyakov et al. 2022
Guangzhou subtropical forest leaf biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Foliage biomass	DBH	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
Juniperus deppeana foliage biomass Juniperus deppeana	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	10–43.7 cm	48	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Korean pine foliage biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine foliage biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Foliage biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) foliage biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) foliage biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Foliage biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch foliage biomass from DBH and height, AMS2 Larix olgensis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2–35.7 cm	229	Dong et al. 2020
Larix cajanderi, Magadan Oblast, foliage biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	3.9–52.8 cm	43	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Larix cajanderi, Ust-Yansky district, foliage biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.8–18.9 cm	20	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Leaf biomass, Eucalyptus saligna young plantation, dbh only Eucalyptus saligna	Foliage biomass	DBH	Ecuador plantation	5.9–21 cm	46	Ramos-Veintimilla et al. 2025
Liriodendron tulipifera Foliage W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Foliage W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Foliage W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Foliage W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Foliage W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Lodgepole pine foliage biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pinus contorta	Foliage biomass	DBH	United States mixed	13.5–42.9 cm	33	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Mixed mangrove leaf biomass, power model (D) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Foliage biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mixed mangrove leaf biomass, power model (D^2 H) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) foliage biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) foliage biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Foliage biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine plantation foliage biomass from D, Mu Us (Table 3) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Foliage biomass	DBH	China plantation	2.4–44.2 cm	131	Siqing et al. 2022
Multi-species short-stature trees leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Multi-species short-stature trees leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Natural larch leaf (foliage) biomass from dbh (Table 5, with CF) Larix gmelinii	Foliage biomass	DBH	China natural	3.2–52 cm	58	Meng et al. 2019
Norway spruce foliage biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Picea abies	Foliage biomass	DBH	Sweden natural	1–21 cm	68	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Foliage biomass from D (Table 2) Picea abies	Foliage biomass	DBH	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Foliage biomass from D and H/D (Table 2) Picea abies	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Oak foliage biomass from D and crown width, additive system 2 (Table 4) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Foliage biomass	DBH + Crown diameter	China natural	1.5–33 cm	159	Meng et al. 2021
Oak foliage biomass from D, additive system 1 (Table 4) Quercus (Q. mongolica and Q. wutaishanica)	Foliage biomass	DBH	China natural	1.5–33 cm	159	Meng et al. 2021
Picea spp. leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Picea spp.	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Picea spp. leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Picea spp.	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Pinus brutia needle biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 29) Pinus brutia	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia needle biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 30) Pinus brutia	Foliage biomass	DBH	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia needle biomass, Middle East (Eq. 39) Pinus brutia	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia needle biomass, Middle East (Eq. 40) Pinus brutia	Foliage biomass	DBH	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia needle biomass, Syria (Eq. 20) Pinus brutia	Foliage biomass	DBH	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus caribaea needle biomass from DBH and height (simultaneous fit) Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil plantation	8.2–23.7 cm	20	Coutinho et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides, additive system S2 (D and H): foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3–40 cm	21	Cuevas Cruz & Aquino Ramírez 2020
Pinus cooperi foliage biomass Pinus cooperi	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.5–52.3 cm	103	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus densiflora needle (crown fuel) biomass from DBH (Table 3) Pinus densiflora	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Korea natural	5–35.1 cm	67	Song et al. 2026
Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana foliage biomass Pinus douglasiana and Pinus michoacana (data combined)	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus durangensis foliage biomass Pinus durangensis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.7–44.5 cm	130	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus engelmannii foliage biomass Pinus engelmannii	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.5–51.8 cm	89	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus foliage biomass Pinus	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus herrerae foliage biomass Pinus herrerae	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–46.4 cm	97	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus leiophylla foliage biomass Pinus leiophylla	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.4–55.3 cm	84	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus lumholtzii foliage biomass Pinus lumholtzii	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5–42 cm	35	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus oocarpa foliage biomass Pinus oocarpa	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	7.5–35.7 cm	37	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus strobiformis foliage biomass Pinus strobiformis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–49 cm	98	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Pinus sylvestris foliage biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Pinus sylvestris	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	2.4–21.3 cm	12	Petrova et al. 2026
Pinus teocote foliage biomass Pinus teocote	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	10–45 cm	81	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S1 (D and H, Eq. 3-6): foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S2 (D²H, Eq. 7-10): foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, leaf biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Foliage biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Populus balsamifera leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus balsamifera	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus balsamifera leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus balsamifera	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus tremuloides	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus tremuloides	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Quercus candicans: foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus candicans Née	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	6.6–41.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus coccolobifolia: foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus coccolobifolia Trel.	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	8.6–19.1 cm	12	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus crassifolia foliage biomass Quercus crassifolia	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.5–43.1 cm	108	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus crassifolia, foliage biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl.	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus durifolia foliage biomass Quercus durifolia	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7–45.5 cm	131	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus foliage biomass Quercus	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	—	—	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus group 1 (rugosa, candicans, laurina): foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus group 1 (Q. rugosa, Q. candicans, Q. laurina)	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus laurina, foliage biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl.	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus laurina: foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus laurina Bonpl.	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus obtusata: foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus obtusata Bonpl.	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	6.2–37.6 cm	34	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus rugosa foliage biomass Quercus rugosa	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	9.3–41.3 cm	61	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus sideroxyla foliage biomass Quercus sideroxyla	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	11–57 cm	123	Vargas-Larreta et al. 2017
Quercus sideroxyla: foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl.	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	33	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Radiata pine needle from DBH (Eq. 8) Pinus radiata	Foliage biomass	DBH	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	—	Pienaar et al. 2025
Scots pine foliage biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Pinus sylvestris	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–22 cm	126	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Scots pine needle biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H) Pinus sylvestris	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine needle biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only) Pinus sylvestris	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Short-stature hardwood trees leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Short-stature hardwood trees leaf biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Foliage biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 1 (D and H): foliage (twigs with leaves) biomass Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Foliage biomass	DBH	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Sonneratia alba leaf biomass, multiple power model (D, H) Sonneratia alba	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia apetala leaf biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH (Table 4) Sonneratia apetala	Foliage biomass	Wood density + DBH	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5.1–20 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Sugar maple leaf biomass from DBH, managed stand (sugar bush) Acer saccharum	Foliage biomass	DBH	Canada natural	20.5–63.9 cm	10	Ter-Mikaelian & Lautenschlager 2001
Sugar maple leaf biomass from DBH, unmanaged stand Acer saccharum	Foliage biomass	DBH	Canada natural	21.3–58.5 cm	12	Ter-Mikaelian & Lautenschlager 2001
Tectona grandis leaf biomass from D²H Tectona grandis	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	4.4–41.2 cm	84	Ounban et al. 2016
White birch foliage biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Foliage biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch foliage biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Foliage biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
Willow (Salix spp.) foliage biomass, northern taiga, Arkhangelsk Salix	Foliage biomass	DBH	Russia natural	—	52	Paramonov et al. 2022
Africa Weibull height–diameter model Tropical forest trees (permanent plots)	Height	DBH	Africa (C., E. and W. Africa plots) natural	10–? cm	11,910	Feldpausch et al. 2012
Aleurites moluccana height from D (linear, Table 2) Aleurites moluccana	Height	DBH	Indonesia agroforestry	14.1–51.6 cm	23	Tiralla et al. 2013
B. balcooa culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Bambusa balcooa	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
B. bambos culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Bambusa bambos	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
B. nutans culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Bambusa nutans	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
B. vulgaris culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Bambusa vulgaris	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
C. tabularis height from D (1/H = a + b/D, Model 3) Chukrasia tabularis	Height	DBH	Bangladesh natural	9–52 cm	—	Tipu et al. 2021
Chir pine height from D (M1, power) Pinus roxburghii	Height	DBH	Nepal natural	5.57–61.94 cm	180	Thapa et al. 2013
Chir pine height from D, cubic (M3) Pinus roxburghii	Height	DBH	Nepal natural	—	—	Upadhyay & Khadka 2024
Chir pine height from D, inverse (M5) Pinus roxburghii	Height	DBH	Nepal natural	—	—	Upadhyay & Khadka 2024
Chir pine height from D, linear (M1) Pinus roxburghii	Height	DBH	Nepal natural	—	—	Upadhyay & Khadka 2024
Chir pine height from D, quadratic (M2) Pinus roxburghii	Height	DBH	Nepal natural	—	—	Upadhyay & Khadka 2024
Coprosma robusta, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Coprosma robusta	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cordyline australis, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Cordyline australis	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Coriaria arborea, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Coriaria arborea	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
D. hamiltonii culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Dendrocalamus hamiltonii	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
D. stocksii culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Dendrocalamus stocksii	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
D. strictus culm height from diameter at breast height (H-D model, Table 9) Dendrocalamus strictus	Height	DBH	India plantation	—	—	Kaushal et al. 2022
Gliricidia sepium height from D (non-rectangular hyperbola, Table 3) Gliricidia sepium	Height	DBH	Indonesia agroforestry	7–44.1 cm	28	Tiralla et al. 2013
Height from DBH, logistic power (Table 3) Mixed tree species of ombrophilous/seasonal forest ecotone (65 fallen trees)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	10–? cm	65	Barbosa et al. 2019
Height from DBH, Michaelis-Menten (Table 3, best fit) Mixed tree species of ombrophilous/seasonal forest ecotone (65 fallen trees)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	10–? cm	65	Barbosa et al. 2019
Height from DBH, Michaelis-Menten model, both forests pooled Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	1–139.5 cm	1,962	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, Michaelis-Menten model, terra-firme Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	1–109.1 cm	1,156	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, Michaelis-Menten model, várzea Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	5–139.5 cm	806	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, modified exponential (Table 3) Mixed tree species of ombrophilous/seasonal forest ecotone (65 fallen trees)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	10–? cm	65	Barbosa et al. 2019
Height from DBH, natural-log model (Table 3) Mixed tree species of ombrophilous/seasonal forest ecotone (65 fallen trees)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	10–? cm	65	Barbosa et al. 2019
Height from DBH, Quadratic model, both forests pooled Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	1–139.5 cm	1,962	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, Quadratic model, terra-firme Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	1–109.1 cm	1,156	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, Quadratic model, várzea Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	5–139.5 cm	806	Baia et al. 2025
Height from DBH, Weibull model, both forests pooled Mixed Amazonian forest trees (367 species in terra-firme, 65 in várzea)	Height	DBH	Brazil natural	1–139.5 cm	1,962	Baia et al. 2025
Hoheria populnea, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Hoheria populnea	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Knightia excelsa, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Knightia excelsa	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Leptospermum scoparium, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Leptospermum scoparium	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Mopane height from D (power H-D model) Colophospermum mopane	Height	DBH	Mozambique natural	5–109 cm	—	Lisboa et al. 2025
Myrsine australis, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Myrsine australis	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pantropical height–diameter model with stress index E (Eq. 6a) Tropical trees (58 sites)	Height	E + DBH	Pantropical natural	5–212 cm	—	Chave et al. 2014
Pantropical Weibull height–diameter model Tropical forest trees (permanent plots)	Height	DBH	Pantropical natural	10–? cm	42,656	Feldpausch et al. 2012
Pittosporum eugenoides, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum eugenoides	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pittosporum tenuifolium, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Pittosporum tenuifolium	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Plagianthus regius, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Plagianthus regius	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pseudopanax arboreus, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Pseudopanax arboreus	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Shorea assamica height from D, Linear model (Table 4) Shorea assamica	Height	DBH	Indonesia natural	20–67 cm	1,009	Wirabuana et al. 2025
Shorea assamica height from D, Power model (best fit, Table 4) Shorea assamica	Height	DBH	Indonesia natural	20–67 cm	1,009	Wirabuana et al. 2025
Shorea assamica height from D, Sigmoid model (Table 4) Shorea assamica	Height	DBH	Indonesia natural	20–67 cm	1,009	Wirabuana et al. 2025
Sophora tetraptera, NZ, height from RCD (Table 3) Sophora tetraptera	Height	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
South America Weibull height–diameter model Tropical forest trees (permanent plots)	Height	DBH	South America (Amazonia and Guiana Shield plots) natural	10–? cm	19,262	Feldpausch et al. 2012
South-East Asia Weibull height–diameter model Tropical forest trees (permanent plots)	Height	DBH	Asia: South-East Asia plots natural	10–? cm	2,948	Feldpausch et al. 2012
Tanzania All Tanzania Mainland forest types (regional model), height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, All Tanzania Mainland forest types (regional model)	Height	DBH	Tanzania mixed	1–149.9 cm	31,782	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Bushlands, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Bushlands	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–83.1 cm	3,669	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Cultivated land, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Cultivated land	Height	DBH	Tanzania mixed	1–149.9 cm	1,866	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Eucalyptus species, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Eucalyptus species	Height	DBH	Tanzania plantation	5.2–82.5 cm	100	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Grasslands, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Grasslands	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–75 cm	934	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Humid montane forest, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Humid montane forest	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–141 cm	2,111	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Lowland forest, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Lowland forest	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–122.4 cm	2,278	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Mangroves, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Mangroves	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–46.4 cm	307	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Miombo woodlands, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Miombo woodlands	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	1–123.4 cm	20,080	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Pine species, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Pine species	Height	DBH	Tanzania plantation	1.8–54.2 cm	340	Mugasha et al. 2019
Tanzania Wetland forests, height from D (base model, Table 4) Mixed tree species, Wetland forests	Height	DBH	Tanzania natural	2.2–93 cm	97	Mugasha et al. 2019
Teak height from D (H2, logarithmic) Tectona grandis	Height	DBH	Nepal plantation	6.37–58.92 cm	31	Koirala et al. 2017
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical dry forest, Africa (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical dry forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	Africa; Tropical dry ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical dry forest, North and South America (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical dry forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	North and South America; Tropical dry ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical moist forest, North and South America (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical moist forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	North and South America; Tropical moist ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical mountain forest, North and South America (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical mountain forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	North and South America; Tropical mountain ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical rainforest forest, Africa (natural, AGB > 125 t/ha) Tropical rainforest forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	Africa; Tropical rainforest ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical rainforest forest, Africa (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical rainforest forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	Africa; Tropical rainforest ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical rainforest forest, Asia (natural, AGB ≤ 125 t/ha) Tropical rainforest forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	Asia; Tropical rainforest ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Root-to-shoot ratio, Tropical rainforest forest, North and South America (natural, AGB ≤ 125 and > 125 (same value) t/ha) Tropical rainforest forest trees	Root:shoot ratio	constant	North and South America; Tropical rainforest ecological zone (FAO 2015 Global Ecological Zones) natural	—	—	Domke et al. 2019
Acacia auriculiformis × Acacia mangium (hybrid) plantation, stem biomass from stump diameter (SB6) Acacia auriculiformis × Acacia mangium (hybrid)	Stem biomass	D30	Bangladesh plantation	—	25	Das & Chowdhury 2026
Acacia auriculiformis plantation, stem biomass from stump diameter (SB6) Acacia auriculiformis	Stem biomass	D30	Bangladesh plantation	—	25	Das & Chowdhury 2026
Acacia mangium plantation, stem biomass from stump diameter (SB6) Acacia mangium	Stem biomass	D30	Bangladesh plantation	—	25	Das & Chowdhury 2026
Acacia mearnsii Stem biomass from D and H (Table 3, model 1) Acacia mearnsii	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Ethiopia plantation	1.1–11.9 cm	24	Shumie et al. 2024
Albizia zygia stem biomass from Dbh Albizia zygia	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	2.5–65.5 cm	28	Goussanou et al. 2016
Alnus glutinosa stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Alnus glutinosa	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	8.3–47.3 cm	16	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Avicennia lanata Stem biomass from D30 (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Stem biomass	D30	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia lanata Stem biomass from DBH (Table 1) Avicennia lanata	Stem biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	13	Hasidu et al. 2022
Avicennia officinalis stem biomass, a x^b of rho * DBH^2 * H (Table 3) Avicennia officinalis	Stem biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5–13 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Bambusa procera culm (stem) biomass, D and H, two-predictor system (combination 6) Bambusa procera	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Bambusa procera culm (stem) biomass, D only system (combination 1) Bambusa procera	Stem biomass	DBH	Vietnam natural	3.6–9.5 cm	83	Huy et al. 2019
Beech on dry sites, stem with bark dry biomass from DBH (Table 3) Fagus sylvatica	Stem biomass	DBH	Germany, Switzerland natural	2–18 cm	66	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Beech saplings on dry sites, stem with bark dry biomass from root-collar diameter (Table 2) Fagus sylvatica	Stem biomass	Root collar diameter	Germany, Switzerland natural	—	20	Chakraborty et al. 2016
Betula papyrifera stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Betula papyrifera	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	15	Flade et al. 2021
Betula papyrifera stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Betula papyrifera	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	15	Flade et al. 2021
Betula pendula stem in bark biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Betula pendula	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.1–17.1 cm	18	Petrova et al. 2026
Birch stem biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Betula	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–11 cm	86	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Cassipourea congoensis stem biomass from Dbh Cassipourea congoensis	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	2.8–22.4 cm	28	Goussanou et al. 2016
Castanea sativa stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Castanea sativa	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	10.7–50.6 cm	24	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Ceratonia siliqua stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Ceratonia siliqua	Stem biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	10.2–42.9 cm	19	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Commercial stem biomass from DBH and wood density (MB1) 20 commercial tree species of a managed forest (DBH >= 50 cm)	Stem biomass	DBH + Wood density	Brazil natural	50.4–149.9 cm	223	Romero et al. 2020
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized stem (wood + bark) (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized stem bark (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Generalized stem wood (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	10	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica High-density stand stem (wood + bark) (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	5	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Low-density stand stem (wood + bark) (log10, Table 4) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	5	Gwon et al. 2014
Cryptomeria japonica Stem (wood + bark) from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Dahurian larch stem biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch stem biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Stem biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch stem biomass from D, H and crown width, system MS-4 (Table 7) Larix gmelinii	Stem biomass	DBH + Height + Crown diameter	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Douglas-fir bole biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pseudotsuga menziesii	Stem biomass	DBH	United States mixed	19.3–114 cm	22	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Eucalyptus camaldulensis stem (wood + bark) biomass from D Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Stem biomass	DBH	Thailand plantation	0.5–19.8 cm	94	Ounban et al. 2016
Eucalyptus camaldulensis stem (wood + bark) biomass from D²H Eucalyptus camaldulensis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	0.5–19.8 cm	94	Ounban et al. 2016
Eucalyptus globulus stem dry weight to 10 cm top (Cuadro 2) Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Chile plantation	—	41	Prado Donoso & Alarcón Maya 1991
Eucalyptus globulus stem dry weight to 4 cm top (Cuadro 2) Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Chile plantation	—	41	Prado Donoso & Alarcón Maya 1991
Euterpe precatoria stem mass from D2Hrho Euterpe precatoria	Stem biomass	DBH + Stem height + Wood density	Brazil natural	3.9–12.7 cm	20	Da Silva et al. 2015
Fagus sylvatica stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Fagus sylvatica	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	9.5–74.8 cm	72	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Fraxinus angustifolia stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Fraxinus angustifolia	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	7.2–52.2 cm	26	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Generic stem biomass from Dbh (Lama forest) Eighteen dominant tree species of Lama forest plus species from Guendehou et al. (2012)	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	—	617	Goussanou et al. 2016
Gray alder, Arkhangelsk: stem biomass (in bark) from D (Table 2) Alnus incana	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia mixed	3.6–16.9 cm	50	Karaban et al. 2023
Grey alder trunk wood (bark excluded) dry mass from DBH (general equation) Alnus incana	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	4–17 cm	21	Tretyakov et al. 2022
Guangzhou subtropical forest stem biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Stem biomass	DBH	China natural	4.2–61.2 cm	144	Zhao et al. 2019
Holoptelea grandis stem biomass from Dbh Holoptelea grandis	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	3.5–32.9 cm	34	Goussanou et al. 2016
Khaya senegalensis stem biomass from Dbh Khaya senegalensis	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	3.7–40.2 cm	27	Goussanou et al. 2016
Korean pine stem biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine stem biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus koraiensis	Stem biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) stem biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) stem biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Larix gmelinii	Stem biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch stem biomass from DBH and height, AMS2 Larix olgensis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2–35.7 cm	229	Dong et al. 2020
Larix cajanderi, Magadan Oblast, stem (wood plus bark) biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	3.9–52.8 cm	43	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Larix cajanderi, Ust-Yansky district, stem (wood plus bark) biomass from DBH (Table 5) Larix cajanderi	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	1.8–18.9 cm	20	Delcourt & Veraverbeke 2022
Liriodendron tulipifera Stem W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Stem W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Stem W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Stem W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Stem biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Stem W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	5.9–38.7 cm	40	Kang et al. 2016
Lodgepole pine bole biomass, simple SUR (D only) Pinus contorta	Stem biomass	DBH	United States mixed	13.5–42.9 cm	33	Poudel & Temesgen 2016
Mixed mangrove stem biomass, power model (D) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Stem biomass	DBH	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mixed mangrove stem biomass, power model (D^2 H) Seven mangrove species (Bruguiera cylindrica, B. parviflora, B. sexangula, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Malaysia natural	9–33 cm	15	Abdul-Hamid et al. 2022
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stem biomass from D and H (System 2, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) stem biomass from D only (System 1, Table 4) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Stem biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine plantation stem biomass from D and H, Mu Us (Table 3) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	2.4–44.2 cm	131	Siqing et al. 2022
Multi-species short-stature trees stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Multi-species short-stature trees stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Multi-species short-stature trees (all tree genera/species sampled)	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	105	Flade et al. 2021
Norway spruce stem biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Picea abies	Stem biomass	DBH	Sweden natural	1–21 cm	68	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Stem biomass from D (Table 2) Picea abies	Stem biomass	DBH	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Norway spruce, Czech Republic: Stem biomass from D and H/D (Table 2) Picea abies	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Czechia mixed	—	139	Čihák & Vejpustková 2018
Olea europaea var. sylvestris stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Olea europaea var. sylvestris	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	10–40.5 cm	17	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Parque Cerrado, stem biomass with bark, independent fit (Table 2) Parque Cerrado tree species (mixed)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	97	Santana et al. 2021
Parque Cerrado, stem biomass with bark, simultaneous WNSUR fit (Table 4) Parque Cerrado tree species (mixed)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	97	Santana et al. 2021
Picea spp. stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Picea spp.	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Picea spp. stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Picea spp.	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 35) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Lebanon (Eq. 36) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH	Lebanon natural	—	101	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Middle East (Eq. 45) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Middle East (Eq. 46) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH	Syria, Lebanon natural	2.3–55.8 cm	201	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Syria (Eq. 25) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus brutia stem biomass, Syria (Eq. 26) Pinus brutia	Stem biomass	DBH	Syria natural	—	100	de-Miguel et al. 2014
Pinus caribaea trunk (stem with bark) biomass from DBH, height and wood density (simultaneous fit) Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Brazil plantation	8.2–23.7 cm	20	Coutinho et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides stem biomass from DBH (cubic in ln D) Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Stem biomass	DBH	Mexico plantation	6.1–11 cm	50	Marroquín Morales et al. 2018
Pinus cembroides, additive system S2 (D and H): stem biomass Pinus cembroides Zucc.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3–40 cm	21	Cuevas Cruz & Aquino Ramírez 2020
Pinus halepensis stem biomass from DBH and height (combined variable) Pinus halepensis Mill.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico plantation	6.9–22.8 cm	50	Marroquín Morales et al. 2018
Pinus patula Stem biomass from D and H (Table 4) Pinus patula	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3.5–25.7 cm	25	Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2020
Pinus sylvestris stem in bark biomass vs DBH (Eq. 4), forest-swamp, Middle Urals Pinus sylvestris	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	2.4–21.3 cm	12	Petrova et al. 2026
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S1 (D and H, Eq. 3-6): stem biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Piscidia piscipula, additive system S2 (D²H, Eq. 7-10): stem biomass Piscidia piscipula (L.) Sarg.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.7–55 cm	17	Cuevas Cruz et al. 2022
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, stem biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Stem biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Populus balsamifera stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus balsamifera	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus balsamifera stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus balsamifera	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	31	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Populus tremuloides	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Populus tremuloides stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Populus tremuloides	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	30	Flade et al. 2021
Populus x euramericana stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Populus x euramericana	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	11.4–50.7 cm	32	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus canariensis stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Quercus canariensis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	10–60 cm	23	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus candicans: stem biomass Quercus candicans Née	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.6–41.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus coccolobifolia: stem biomass Quercus coccolobifolia Trel.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	8.6–19.1 cm	12	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus crassifolia, stem biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus faginea stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Quercus faginea	Stem biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	9.5–46.5 cm	24	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus group 1 (rugosa, candicans, laurina): stem biomass Quercus group 1 (Q. rugosa, Q. candicans, Q. laurina)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus group 2 (obtusata, coccolobifolia, sideroxyla): stem biomass Quercus group 2 (Q. obtusata, Q. coccolobifolia, Q. sideroxyla)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	—	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus ilex stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Quercus ilex	Stem biomass	DBH	Spain mixed	7.8–85.9 cm	43	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Quercus laurina, stem biomass (Eq. 4, D²H) Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6–31 cm	16	Ruiz-Aquino et al. 2014
Quercus laurina: stem biomass Quercus laurina Bonpl.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	5.8–48.6 cm	30	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus obtusata: stem biomass Quercus obtusata Bonpl.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	6.2–37.6 cm	34	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus rugosa: stem biomass Quercus rugosa Née	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	7.6–44.5 cm	26	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus sideroxyla: stem biomass Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl.	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–40.5 cm	33	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Quercus suber stem with bark biomass (Table 2) Quercus suber	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Spain mixed	10.5–83 cm	33	Ruiz-Peinado et al. 2012
Radiata pine stemwood from DBH (Eq. 8) Pinus radiata	Stem biomass	DBH	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	—	Pienaar et al. 2025
Radiata pine stemwood from DBH²H (Eq. 10) Pinus radiata	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	South Africa plantation	10.4–38.9 cm	—	Pienaar et al. 2025
Scots pine stem biomass, ln-ln OLS (D and H) Pinus sylvestris	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine stem biomass, ln-ln OLS (D only) Pinus sylvestris	Stem biomass	DBH	Mongolia natural	4.7–55 cm	35	Tungalag et al. 2020
Scots pine stem biomass, young dense stands, N Sweden (Table 5) Pinus sylvestris	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Sweden natural	1–22 cm	126	Repola & Ahnlund Ulvcrona 2014
Short-stature hardwood trees stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (LLRC) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Short-stature hardwood trees stem biomass, cross-sectional area at 0.3 m (NLS) Short-stature hardwood trees (deciduous species excluding Picea spp.)	Stem biomass	D30	Canada natural	—	—	Flade et al. 2021
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 1 (D and H): stem biomass Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Six Guanajuato oaks pooled, system 2 (wood density, D and H): stem biomass Quercus (six species: rugosa, obtusata, sideroxyla, coccolobifolia, laurina, candicans)	Stem biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Mexico natural	4.8–48.6 cm	165	Cortés-Sánchez et al. 2019
Sonneratia alba stem biomass, exponential model (D) Sonneratia alba	Stem biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia alba stem biomass, multiple power model (D, H) Sonneratia alba	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia alba stem biomass, power model (D) Sonneratia alba	Stem biomass	DBH	Indonesia natural	—	8	Pathibang et al. 2026
Sonneratia apetala stem biomass, a x^b of DBH^2 * H (Table 4) Sonneratia apetala	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Myanmar (Burma) natural	5.1–20 cm	15	Lwin et al. 2026
Stem biomass from d2h and wood density (M8) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem biomass from DBH (M7) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem biomass	DBH	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem biomass from DBH, height and wood density (M9) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem biomass	DBH + Height + Wood density	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem biomass from rho d2h (M10, best model) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem biomass	Wood density + DBH + Height	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 18-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 30-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, 50-year secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP² only Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, all ages pooled (general) secondary montane forest, DAP²·Ht Secondary montane forest trees, mixed species	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Ecuador natural	—	—	Ramírez et al. 2022
Stem biomass, Eucalyptus saligna young plantation, dbh only Eucalyptus saligna	Stem biomass	DBH	Ecuador plantation	5.9–21 cm	46	Ramos-Veintimilla et al. 2025
Stem biomass, Pinus tecunumanii shade trees, power-law DBH+H Pinus tecunumanii	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Peru agroforestry	9.9–43.8 cm	22	Chalupová et al. 2026
Tectona grandis stem (wood + bark) biomass from D Tectona grandis	Stem biomass	DBH	Thailand plantation	4.4–41.2 cm	84	Ounban et al. 2016
Tectona grandis stem (wood + bark) biomass from D²H Tectona grandis	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	Thailand plantation	4.4–41.2 cm	84	Ounban et al. 2016
Terminalia superba stem biomass from Dbh Terminalia superba	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	8.2–44.4 cm	37	Goussanou et al. 2016
Triplochiton scleroxylon stem biomass from Dbh Triplochiton scleroxylon	Stem biomass	DBH	Benin natural	2.3–47.5 cm	48	Goussanou et al. 2016
Understorey trunk biomass from D30, height and wood density Understorey trees and saplings, 184 species (stems 1–10 cm diameter)	Stem biomass	D30 + Height + Wood density	Cameroon natural	—	1,023	Yonkeu Ntonmen et al. 2022
White birch stem biomass from D and H (MS-3) (Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Stem biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch stem biomass from D only (MS-2) (Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Stem biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
Willow (Salix spp.) stem biomass with bark, northern taiga, Arkhangelsk Salix	Stem biomass	DBH	Russia natural	—	52	Paramonov et al. 2022
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH and height, >50 cm (Table 1) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH and height, 10–30 cm (Table 1) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH and height, 31–50 cm (Table 1) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH, >50 cm (Table 5) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH, 10–30 cm (Table 5) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
B. alnoides stem volume from DBH, 31–50 cm (Table 5) Betula alnoides	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
Brachystegia spiciformis stem merchantable volume from D2H Brachystegia spiciformis	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	17–81 cm	37	Manjate et al. 2025
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, regions 2 and 3 pooled Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, regions 2 and 3 pooled Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Stem volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Chekanovsky larch stem volume from D and H, weighted (Table 2, selected) Larix czekanowskii	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	5.3–40 cm	10	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Astronium lecointei (species-specific, Table 2) Astronium lecointei	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	1,222	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Couratari (species-specific, Table 2) Couratari	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	2,974	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Husch log model (MV1) 20 commercial tree species of a managed forest (DBH >= 50 cm)	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50.4–149.9 cm	223	Romero et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Husch power model (MV4) 20 commercial tree species of a managed forest (DBH >= 50 cm)	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50.4–149.9 cm	223	Romero et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Hymenaea courbaril (species-specific, Table 2) Hymenaea courbaril	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	1,487	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Hymenolobium petraeum (species-specific, Table 2) Hymenolobium petraeum	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	247	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Lecythis lurida (species-specific, Table 2) Lecythis lurida	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	2,836	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Manilkara huberi (species-specific, Table 2) Manilkara huberi	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	6,582	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Mezilaurus itauba (species-specific, Table 2) Mezilaurus itauba	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	593	Santos et al. 2020
Commercial stem volume from DBH, Vochysia maxima (species-specific, Table 2) Vochysia maxima	Stem volume	DBH	Brazil natural	50–? cm	1,541	Santos et al. 2020
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH and height, >50 cm (Table 2) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH and height, 10–30 cm (Table 2) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH and height, 31–50 cm (Table 2) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH, >50 cm (Table 6) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH, 10–30 cm (Table 6) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
D. grandiflora stem volume from DBH, 31–50 cm (Table 6) Duabanga grandiflora	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
Generic stem volume from Dbh (Lama forest) Eighteen dominant tree species of Lama forest plus species from Guendehou et al. (2012)	Stem volume	DBH	Benin natural	—	617	Goussanou et al. 2016
Gmelin larch stem volume from D²H, unweighted (Table 2, selected) Larix gmelinii	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Mongolia natural	8.7–42.6 cm	15	Altanzagas et al. 2022
Julbernardia globiflora stem merchantable volume from D2H Julbernardia globiflora	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	14–62 cm	23	Manjate et al. 2025
M. champaca stem volume from DBH and height, >50 cm (Table 3) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
M. champaca stem volume from DBH and height, 10–30 cm (Table 3) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
M. champaca stem volume from DBH and height, 31–50 cm (Table 3) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
M. champaca stem volume from DBH, >50 cm (Table 7) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
M. champaca stem volume from DBH, 10–30 cm (Table 7) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
M. champaca stem volume from DBH, 31–50 cm (Table 7) Magnolia champaca	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
Merchantable stem volume from DBH (Model 4, Table 7) Pterocarpus angolensis	Stem volume	DBH	Namibia, Angola natural	5–92 cm	356	De Cauwer et al. 2020
Merchantable stem volume from DBH and height (Model 6, Table 7) Pterocarpus angolensis	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Namibia, Angola natural	5–92 cm	340	De Cauwer et al. 2020
Nothofagus antarctica inside-bark merchantable stem volume (to 15 cm top) from D and H (Schumacher-Hall, Cuadro 4) Nothofagus antarctica	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Argentina natural	7.5–61 cm	251	Lencinas et al. 2002
Peat swamp forest, all species, volume from D (model 3) Mixed peat swamp forest species (6 species, Dipterocarpaceae and others)	Stem volume	DBH	Indonesia natural	5.6–29.2 cm	84	Qirom & Akbar 2020
Peat swamp forest, Dipterocarpaceae group, volume from D and H (model 7) Dipterocarpaceae	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Indonesia natural	6.3–29.2 cm	42	Qirom & Akbar 2020
Peat swamp forest, non-Dipterocarpaceae group, volume from D (model 1) Non-dipterocarp species group (P. rostratum, C. soulattri, D. pectinatum, as printed)	Stem volume	DBH	Indonesia natural	5.6–27 cm	42	Qirom & Akbar 2020
Rubber (PR107) stem volume from D (Eq. 7) Hevea brasiliensis (clone PR107)	Stem volume	DBH	Cambodia plantation	20–62 cm	60	Khun et al. 2008
Rubber (PR107) stem volume from D and H (Eq. 9, Schumacher-Hall) Hevea brasiliensis (clone PR107)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Cambodia plantation	20–62 cm	60	Khun et al. 2008
Stem volume from d2h (M2, best model) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem volume from DBH (Eq. 5) Seven dominant canopy species (Carapa guianensis, Inga coruscans, Laetia procera, Pentaclethra macroloba, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia ferruginea)	Stem volume	DBH	Costa Rica natural	60–105 cm	19	Segura & Kanninen 2005
Stem volume from DBH (M1) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem volume	DBH	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
Stem volume from DBH and height (M3) Seven dominant species of Chilimo forest (Juniperus procera, Podocarpus falcatus, Olea africana, Allophylus abyssinicus, Olinia rochetiana, Rhus glutinosa, Scolopia theifolia)	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Ethiopia natural	6.2–85 cm	193	Teshome et al. 2022
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH and height, >50 cm (Table 4) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH and height, 10–30 cm (Table 4) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH and height, 31–50 cm (Table 4) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH + Height	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH, >50 cm (Table 8) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	50–? cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH, 10–30 cm (Table 8) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	10–30 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
T. ciliata stem volume from DBH, 31–50 cm (Table 8) Toona ciliata	Stem volume	DBH	India natural	31–50 cm	25	Giri et al. 2019
Teak stem volume from D (V1, local) Tectona grandis	Stem volume	DBH	Nepal plantation	6.37–58.92 cm	31	Koirala et al. 2017
Teak stem volume from D and H (V5, generic) Tectona grandis	Stem volume	DBH + Height	Nepal plantation	6.37–58.92 cm	31	Koirala et al. 2017
Acacia mearnsii Total tree biomass from D and H (Table 3, model 1) Acacia mearnsii	Total biomass	DBH + Height	Ethiopia plantation	1.1–11.9 cm	24	Shumie et al. 2024
Chinese fir total tree biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Cunninghamia lanceolata	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	2.2–35.3 cm	154	Du et al. 2026
Chinese pine total tree biomass from DBH (age-sequence plantations) Pinus tabuliformis	Total biomass	DBH	China plantation	—	60	Shen et al. 2025
Coprosma robusta, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Coprosma robusta	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cordyline australis, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Cordyline australis	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Coriaria arborea, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Coriaria arborea	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Cryptomeria japonica Total (above + below) from DBH (Table 3) Cryptomeria japonica	Total biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	13–28 cm	18	Jung et al. 2014
Dahurian larch total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (MS-3) (sum of components, Table 6) Larix gmelinii	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Dahurian larch total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (MS-2) (sum of components, Table 5) Larix gmelinii	Total biomass	DBH	China natural	1.7–28.4 cm	138	Dong et al. 2018
Guangzhou subtropical forest total biomass, Model 1 (DBH only) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Total biomass	DBH	China natural	—	—	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest total biomass, Model 3 (DBH and height) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	—	—	Zhao et al. 2019
Guangzhou subtropical forest total biomass, Model 5 (DBH and wood density) Subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest trees (Castanopsis fissa, Aleurites montana, Castanopsis chinensis, Machilus chinensis and 22 companion species)	Total biomass	DBH + Wood density	China natural	—	—	Zhao et al. 2019
Hieronyma alchorneoides plantations, total tree biomass incl. roots (Bt) Hieronyma alchorneoides	Total biomass	DBH	Costa Rica plantation	0.5–28.8 cm	53	Fonseca G. et al. 2009
Hoheria populnea, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Hoheria populnea	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Knightia excelsa, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Knightia excelsa	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Korean pine total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Pinus koraiensis	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Korean pine total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Pinus koraiensis	Total biomass	DBH	China plantation	5.4–33.4 cm	114	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Larix gmelinii	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Larch (Larix gmelinii) total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Larix gmelinii	Total biomass	DBH	China plantation	7.6–35.7 cm	90	Dong et al. 2016
Leptospermum scoparium, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Leptospermum scoparium	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Liriodendron tulipifera Total W = a(D^2H)^b (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Total biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Total W = aD + bD^2 (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Total biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Total W = aD^2H (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Total biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Total W = aD^b (Table 10) Liriodendron tulipifera	Total biomass	DBH	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Liriodendron tulipifera Total W = aD^b H^c (Table 11) Liriodendron tulipifera	Total biomass	DBH + Height	South Korea plantation	—	—	Kang et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (sum of components, System 2) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (sum of components, System 1) Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	Total biomass	DBH	China plantation	6–38.7 cm	85	Dong et al. 2016
Myrsine australis, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Myrsine australis	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Oak total tree biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Quercus	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	3.5–38.9 cm	157	Du et al. 2026
Pinus patula Total biomass (roots, stem, branches, foliage) from D and H (Table 3) Pinus patula	Total biomass	DBH + Height	Mexico natural	3.5–25.7 cm	25	Martínez-Domínguez et al. 2020
Pittosporum eugenoides, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Pittosporum eugenoides	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Pittosporum tenuifolium, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Pittosporum tenuifolium	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Plagianthus regius, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Plagianthus regius	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Planted Acacia mangium, West Java, total (above + below) biomass from D, all ages (model B) Acacia mangium	Total biomass	DBH	Indonesia plantation	—	59	Miyakuni et al. 2004
Poplar total tree biomass (compatible total-biomass system) Populus	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China mixed	2.2–37.9 cm	150	Du et al. 2026
Pseudopanax arboreus, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Pseudopanax arboreus	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Sophora tetraptera, NZ, whole-plant biomass from RCD (Table 6) Sophora tetraptera	Total biomass	Root collar diameter	New Zealand plantation	—	—	Marden et al. 2025
Tectona grandis (teak), 20-year-old Panama plantations, total tree biomass incl. roots Tectona grandis	Total biomass	DBH	Panama plantation	16.9–43.8 cm	9	Kraenzel 2000
Vochysia guatemalensis plantations, total tree biomass incl. roots (Bt) Vochysia guatemalensis	Total biomass	DBH	Costa Rica plantation	0.5–40.5 cm	51	Fonseca G. et al. 2009
White birch total (above + below ground) biomass from D and H (MS-3) (sum of components, Table 6) Betula platyphylla	Total biomass	DBH + Height	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
White birch total (above + below ground) biomass from D only (MS-2) (sum of components, Table 5) Betula platyphylla	Total biomass	DBH	China natural	1.4–20.5 cm	108	Dong et al. 2018
Brachystegia spiciformis total merchantable volume from D2H Brachystegia spiciformis	Total volume	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	17–81 cm	37	Manjate et al. 2025
Cameroon semi-deciduous forest total wood volume, Eq. (1), quadratic in DBH plus height 23 timber species of semi-deciduous forest (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Cameroon natural	10–120 cm	55	Dorisca et al. 2011
Cameroon semi-deciduous forest total wood volume, Eq. (2), quadratic in DBH only 23 timber species of semi-deciduous forest (mixed)	Total volume	DBH	Cameroon natural	10–120 cm	55	Dorisca et al. 2011
Cameroon semi-deciduous forest total wood volume, Eq. (3), power in DBH only 23 timber species of semi-deciduous forest (mixed)	Total volume	DBH	Cameroon natural	10–120 cm	55	Dorisca et al. 2011
Cameroon semi-deciduous forest total wood volume, Eq. (4), power product in DBH and height 23 timber species of semi-deciduous forest (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Cameroon natural	10–120 cm	55	Dorisca et al. 2011
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, regions 2 and 3 pooled Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume with bark, Spurr log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, regions 2 and 3 pooled Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	—	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Schumacher-Hall log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 1, 2, 3, 4 sub-basins (region 1) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	157	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 5, 6, 10 sub-basins (region 2) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	113	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado s.s. MG, Total volume without bark, Spurr log, SF 7, 8, 9 sub-basins (region 3) Cerrado sensu stricto tree species (mixed)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	227	Rufini et al. 2010
Cerrado total volume with bark from DBH and height, Goal Programming (model 1) Cerrado sensu stricto and campo cerrado woody species (99 species)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	696	Morais et al. 2014
Cerrado total volume with bark from DBH and height, OLS (model 1) Cerrado sensu stricto and campo cerrado woody species (99 species)	Total volume	DBH + Height	Brazil natural	—	696	Morais et al. 2014
Cerrado total volume with bark from DBH only, Goal Programming (model 4) Cerrado sensu stricto and campo cerrado woody species (99 species)	Total volume	DBH	Brazil natural	—	696	Morais et al. 2014
Cerrado total volume with bark from DBH only, OLS (model 4) Cerrado sensu stricto and campo cerrado woody species (99 species)	Total volume	DBH	Brazil natural	—	696	Morais et al. 2014
Julbernardia globiflora total merchantable volume from D2H Julbernardia globiflora	Total volume	DBH + Height	Mozambique natural	14–62 cm	23	Manjate et al. 2025
Miombo Regional total volume from stump diameter Miombo woodland trees (mixed species)	Total volume	D30	Tanzania natural	—	114	Manyanda et al. 2019
Nothofagus antarctica total over-bark volume from D and H (Schumacher-Hall, Cuadro 4) Nothofagus antarctica	Total volume	DBH + Height	Argentina natural	7.5–61 cm	251	Lencinas et al. 2002
Nothofagus obliqua (roble) total volume, ln v from ln(d²h) (Cuadro 5, Grupo 3) Nothofagus obliqua	Total volume	DBH + Height	Chile natural	11.5–121 cm	107	Salas Eljatib 2002
Tanzania lowland forest, Dindili and Rondo combined, total volume, D and H (model 8) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Total volume	DBH + Height	Tanzania natural	—	60	Mugasha et al. 2016
Tanzania lowland forest, Dindili and Rondo combined, total volume, D only (model 7) Mixed lowland forest tree species	Total volume	DBH	Tanzania natural	—	60	Mugasha et al. 2016
Total tree volume from DBH (Eq. 8) Seven dominant canopy species (Carapa guianensis, Inga coruscans, Laetia procera, Pentaclethra macroloba, Stryphnodendron microstachyum, Tapirira guianensis, Vochysia ferruginea)	Total volume	DBH	Costa Rica natural	60–105 cm	19	Segura & Kanninen 2005
Total wood volume from DBH (Model 1, Table 5) Pterocarpus angolensis	Total volume	DBH	Namibia, Angola natural	9–73 cm	69	De Cauwer et al. 2020
Total wood volume from DBH and height (Model 3, Table 5) Pterocarpus angolensis	Total volume	DBH + Height	Namibia, Angola natural	9–73 cm	69	De Cauwer et al. 2020

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